Simplified transfer pricing record-keeping options

Documenting your transfer pricing to meet all of the requirements of Subdivision 284-E of Schedule 1 to the Taxation Administration Act 1953 may impose an administrative burden disproportionate to your risk of not complying with the transfer pricing rules. Simplified transfer pricing record-keeping options have been developed to minimise the record-keeping for eligible taxpayers.

By reducing the record-keeping requirements, we have reduced the cost of compliance and compliance burden for eligible taxpayers. Offering an administrative safe harbour also allows us to better manage risks associated with international related-party dealings by directing resources to transactions and activities that we deem to be higher risk. This administrative safe harbour is an important part of administering the law in relation to international related-party dealings and transfer pricing.

The options contained in this Guideline reflect the types of transactions or activities we believe are low risk in the context of international related-party dealings. This Guideline specifies the criteria for you to self-assess your eligibility to use one or more of the 7 simplification options.

There are 7 simplified transfer pricing record-keeping options available: • small taxpayers • distributors • low value adding intra-group services • low-level inbound loans • materiality • technical services, and • low-level outbound loans.

A review of the simplified transfer pricing record-keeping options has been completed and the eligibility criteria for each option have been updated. The simplified transfer pricing record-keeping options contained in this version of the Guideline are available for taxpayers to apply to income years commencing on or after 1 July 2018 (or substituted accounting period).

In order to ensure that these changes do not have a negative effect on taxpayers who have already arranged their affairs to take advantage of the options as they existed in the previous version of this Guideline , taxpayers are able to apply the options as they existed in that previous version for their first income year commencing on or after 1 July 2018 (or substituted accounting period) only.

The options in this Guideline are available to companies, trusts and partnerships where they meet the eligibility criteria.

Where you choose to use a simplified record-keeping option you need to inform us of your election either through a disclosure in your International Dealings Schedule (IDS) or in your country-by-country (CBC) statements if applicable.

If you are making a disclosure in your IDS, include code 7 at the percentage of documentation label field for relevant categories of transactions on the IDS. This code was not available for the 2013–14 income year. If we contact you in relation to your transfer pricing documentation for the 2013–14 income year, you will need to inform us that you have applied one of the options in this Guideline.

Refer to Country-by-country reporting for further information on how to make a disclosure of your election in your CBC statements.

Both forms of disclosure confirm you have assessed your situation as complying with the transfer pricing rules and your eligibility to apply the relevant options. When you apply an option in this Guideline, you are still required to meet the general record-keeping requirements in section 262A of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936.

If you apply one or more of the options in this Guideline, we will generally not allocate compliance resources to review the covered transactions or arrangements specified in that option for transfer pricing purposes, beyond reviewing your eligibility to use the option you have applied.

You need to keep contemporaneous documentation substantiating your eligibility for the option you have applied. This documentation should simply and sensibly explain how you met the relevant eligibility criteria.

Applying an option in this Guideline does not, of itself, meet the requirements of Subdivision 284-E of Schedule 1 to the Taxation Administration Act 1953 and Subdivisions 815-B, 815-C or 815-D of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997). Applying an option also does not limit or waive how the law operates, but demonstrates you have self-assessed your relevant transactions for compliance with the transfer pricing rules.

If you meet the criteria for one or more of the 7 simplification options, you will be eligible to apply that option to your relevant international related-party dealings. All amounts are in Australian dollars. All examples in this Guideline assume the taxpayers have self-assessed that their relevant transactions have complied with the transfer pricing rules. If you have CBC reporting obligations and choose to take up the administrative solution , all references in this Guideline to amounts reported in IDS labels include what you would have disclosed if you had completed those labels in the IDS.

The annual turnover of your Australian economic group is under $50 million and you: • have not made sustained losses • have not undergone a restructure within the year • do not have related-party dealings (either as expenses or as income) involving royalties, licence fees, or research and development (R&D) arrangements totalling greater than $500,000 combined • do not have specified service related-party dealings (either as expenses or as income) greater than 15% of your turnover • are not a distributor , and • have assessed your compliance with the transfer pricing rules.

This option does not reduce the documentation requirements for the following transactions: • international related-party dealings involving royalties, licence fees or R&D arrangements • international related-party financial transactions (for example, loans and guarantees) and associated charges • international related-party dealings of a capital nature.

Australco is a subsidiary of HeadCo, a United Kingdom (UK) company. For the 2018–19 financial year, Australco has a turnover of $17 million and total expenses of $15.9 million. It does not undergo any restructures and has not made sustained losses. Australco is the only member of the Australian economic group. Australco pays HeadCo $2 million for administrative support and pays $100,000 in royalties.

Australco meets the eligibility criteria for the small taxpayers' simplified record-keeping option and can elect to apply it to the administrative support services received from HeadCo. However, it cannot apply the small taxpayers' option to its royalty transactions. Australco is still required to have an appropriate level of transfer pricing documentation for its royalty transactions.

Australco is a distributor and is a subsidiary of HeadCo, a UK company. For the 2018–19 financial year, Australco has a turnover of $17 million and total expenses of $15.9 million. It does not undergo any restructures and has not made sustained losses. Australco is the only member of the Australian economic group. Australco pays HeadCo $3 million for marketing and media strategies and also pays $1 million in royalties to Manx, another subsidiary of HeadCo, registered in the Isle of Man.

As Australco is a distributor and has international related-party dealings involving royalties, licence fees or R&D arrangements greater than $500,000, Australco does not meet all the criteria to be eligible to apply the option. Therefore, Australco cannot use the small taxpayers' simplified record-keeping option.

You are a distributor , the annual turnover of your Australian economic group is under $50 million and you: • do not have a profit-before-tax ratio of less than 3% • have not undergone a restructure within the year • do not have related-party dealings (either as expenses or as income) involving royalties, licence fees or R&D arrangements totalling greater than $500,000 combined, and • have assessed your compliance with the transfer pricing rules.

This option does not reduce the documentation requirements for the following transactions: • international related-party dealings involving royalties, licence fees or R&D arrangements • international related-party financial transactions (for example, loans and guarantees) and associated charges • international related-party dealings of a capital nature.

Gustal Co is a wholesale business and an Australian subsidiary of MunichCo, a German company. For the 2018–19 financial year, Gustal Co has a turnover of $47 million and total expenses of $44.4 million. Its weighted average profit-before-tax ratio over the last 3 years was 6%. Gustal Co purchases $38 million of stock from MunichCo and has no other related-party dealings. Gustal Co does not undergo any restructures and does not make sustained losses. It is the only member of the Australian economic group.

Gustal Co meets all of the eligibility criteria for the distributors' simplified record-keeping option and can elect to apply it to its purchases from MunichCo.

Keltali Co is an Australian subsidiary of Britai, a UK company. For the 2018–19 financial year, Keltali Co has a turnover of $49 million and total expenses of $47.9 million. Its weighted average profit-before-tax ratio over the last 3 years is 2.6%. It pays $1 million in royalties to Jerri, another subsidiary of Britai, registered in Jersey. Keltali Co does not undergo any restructures and does not make sustained losses. It is the only member of the Australian economic group.

Keltali Co does not meet the criterion that international related-party dealings involving royalties, licence fees or R&D arrangements must not be greater than $500,000, or the profit-before-tax ratio criterion. All criteria must be met to be eligible to apply the option. Therefore, Keltali Co cannot use the distributors' simplified record-keeping option.

You have international related-party low value adding intra-group service dealings of either: • $2 million or less combined value of services received and provided – the de minimis rule • greater than $2 million, but - for services you receive – the total amount charged to you must not be more than 15% of the total expenses of your Australian economic group - for services you provide – the total amount derived by you must not be more than 15% of the total revenue of your Australian economic group and you have: • low value adding intra-group services expenses of not more than 25% of your pre-intra-group services charges profit • a mark-up on costs of the relevant services of - 5% or less for services you receive - 5% or more for services you provide • not made sustained losses • not undergone a restructure within the year, and • assessed your compliance with the transfer pricing rules.

This option does not reduce the documentation requirements for international related-party dealings that are not low value adding intra-group services .

Victasubb is a subsidiary of Nevadaplus, an American company. In the 2018–19 financial year, Victasubb pays Nevadaplus $850,000 for management and administration services and $20 million for stock purchases. Victasubb is charged a 4.7% mark up for the management and administration services it receives. It has a turnover of $53 million and total expenses of $42 million. Victasubb has no other related-party dealings, does not undergo any restructures and does not make sustained losses. Victasubb is the only member of the Australian economic group.

Victasubb meets the eligibility criteria for the low value adding intra-group services simplified record-keeping option (because total services satisfy the de minimis rule and the other criteria (including only having low value adding services expenses as 7.17% of its pre-intra-group services charges profit)) and can elect to apply it to its management and administration services from Nevadaplus.

Victasubb is a subsidiary of Nevadaplus, an American company. In the 2018–19 financial year, Victasubb pays Nevadaplus: • $1.2 million for management and administration services • $970,000 for training services, and • $20 million for stock purchases.

Victasubb is charged a 4.7% mark up for the services from Nevadaplus.

Victasubb has a turnover of $53 million and total expenses of $42 million. Victasubb has no other related-party dealings and does not undertake any restructures in 2018–19. It does not make sustained losses and is the only member of the Australian economic group.

While Victasubb does not satisfy the de minimis rule (because total low value adding services are $2.17 million), the amount paid for services is less than 15% of its total expenses (being 5.17%). Victasubb's services expense is also less than 25% of its pre-intra-group services charges profit (being 16.48%). As all the other eligibility criteria for the low value adding intra-group services simplified record-keeping option have been met, Victasubb can elect to apply the option to its services from Nevadaplus.

SubCo is the only Australian subsidiary of Gottlund, a Swedish company. In the 2018–19 financial year, SubCo pays Gottlund: • $8 million for management and administration services • $1 million for training services, and • $23 million for stock purchases.

SubCo's payment includes a 4.2% mark up on the services from Gottlund. SubCo has a turnover of $65 million and total expenses of $50 million. SubCo has no other related-party dealings and there are no restructures for the year. It does not make sustained losses and is the only member of the Australian economic group.

SubCo does not satisfy the de minimis rule in 2018–19, as the value of low value adding intra-group services received exceed $2 million (they are $9 million) and 15% of total expenses (they are 18%). All criteria must be met to be eligible to apply the option. Therefore, it cannot elect to apply the low value adding intra-group services simplified record-keeping option.

Richoil is the only Australian subsidiary of MapleCoy, a Canadian company. In the 2018–19 financial year, Richoil pays MapleCoy: • $8 million for management and administration services, and • $1.7 million for R&D services.

Richoil is charged a 4.3% mark-up for its services from MapleCoy.

Richoil has a turnover of $100 million and total expenses of $80 million. Richoil has no other related-party dealings and does not undergo any restructures in 2018–19. It does not make sustained losses and is the only member of the Australian economic group.

Richoil does not satisfy the de minimis rule, as its low value adding intra-group services received exceed $2 million (they are $8 million). The services are 10% of total expenses so they meet the second criteria (less than 15% of total expenses) and may still be able to apply the low value adding intra-group services simplified record-keeping option.

However, Richoil's low value adding intra-group services expenses ($8 million) represents 26.94% of its pre-intra-group services charges profit ($29.7 million), therefore exceeding the 25% threshold. All criteria need to be met to be eligible to apply the option. Therefore, Richoil cannot apply the low value adding intra-group services simplified record-keeping option.

You have a combined cross-border loan balance of $50 million or less for your Australian economic group at all times throughout the financial year, and: • for each of your inbound loans – your interest rate is no more than the following rate for each of the income years which the loan is in effect o 5.61% in your 2024–25 income year o 4.90% in your 2025–26 income year – the funds actually provided to you under the loan are Australian dollar funds and this is reflected in your loan agreements, and – your associated expenses are paid in Australian dollars and you have: • not made sustained losses • not undergone a restructure within the year, and • assessed your compliance with the transfer pricing rules.

This option only applies to eligible inbound loans and does not reduce the documentation requirements for other international related-party dealings including: • outbound related-party interest-bearing loans and associated charges (see the low-level outbound loans option for eligibility) • other international related-party financial transactions (for example, guarantees) and associated charges.

Victasubb is an Australian subsidiary of Nevadaplus, an American company. In the 2025–26 income year, Victasubb borrows A$10 million from Nevadaplus at an interest rate of 1.5% or A$150,000 per year. Victasubb has no other related-party dealings and does not undergo any restructures. It has not made sustained losses and is the only member of the Australian economic group.

The 1.5% interest charge does not exceed the maximum interest rate of 4.90% required for the 2025–26 income year to be eligible to use the low-level inbound loans simplified record-keeping option.

Victasubb meets all of the eligibility criteria for this simplified record-keeping option and can elect to apply it to its interest-bearing loan and interest paid to Nevadaplus.

BettillaCo is an Australian subsidiary of HeadCo, a UK company. In the 2025–26 income year, BettillaCo borrows A$11 million at an interest rate of 8.5% or A$935,000 per year. It also makes an interest-free loan of A$40 million to Choc, a Swiss entity. BettillaCo has a turnover of $85 million and total expenses of $82.6 million. Other than stock purchases of $38 million from HeadCo, BettillaCo has no other related-party dealings. BettillaCo has not undergone any restructures, has not made sustained losses and is the only member of the Australian economic group.

BettillaCo neither meets the combined cross-border loan balance nor the interest rate criterion. All criteria need to be met to be eligible to apply the option. Therefore, BettillaCo cannot use the low-level inbound loans simplified record-keeping option.

Victasubb is an Australian subsidiary of Nevadaplus, an American company. In the 2025–26 income year, Victasubb borrows A$10 million at an annual interest rate of 7.1% or an interest payment of A$710,000. Victasubb has a turnover of $17 million, total expenses of $16 million and no other related-party dealings. Victasubb has not undergone any restructures nor made sustained losses and is the only member of the Australian economic group.

Given the interest rate paid in 2025–26 is higher than 4.90%, Victasubb does not meet the specified interest rate criterion. All criteria need to be met to be eligible to apply the option. Therefore, Victasubb cannot apply the low-level inbound loans simplified record-keeping option.

Your total international related-party dealings represent less than or equal to 2.5% of total turnover for your Australian economic group and: • the total turnover for your Australian economic group is not more than $100 million • you do not have related-party dealings (either as expenses or as income) involving royalties, licence fees, or research and development arrangements totalling greater than $500,000 combined • you have not made sustained losses • you have not undergone a restructure within the year, and • you have assessed your compliance with the transfer pricing rules.

This option does not reduce the documentation requirements for the following transactions: • international related-party dealings involving royalties, licence fees, or research and development arrangements • international related-party financial transactions (for example, loans and guarantees) and associated charges • international related-party dealings of a capital nature.

Darioco is a subsidiary of Cornishire, a UK company. Darioco is the only member of the Australian economic group. For the 2018–19 financial year, Darioco has a turnover of $89 million. The only international related-party dealings are $350,000 Cornishire pays Darioco for travel expenses and $1.8 million for marketing support Darioco pays Cornishire. Darioco's total international related-party dealings are $2.15 million or 2.42% of its total turnover.

Darioco meets the eligibility criteria for the materiality simplified record-keeping option and can elect to apply it to the dealings with Cornishire.

Darioco is a subsidiary of Cornishire, a UK company. Darioco is the only member of the Australian economic group. For the 2018–19 financial year, Darioco has a turnover of $110 million. Cornishire pays $250,000 to Darioco for travel expenses and Darioco pays Cornishire $3 million for marketing support and $500,000 in royalties.

Darioco neither meets the 2.5% threshold nor the Australian economic group total turnover threshold criteria. All criteria need to be met to be eligible to apply the option. Therefore, Darioco cannot use the materiality simplified record-keeping option.

Your income from and expenditure on technical services must not be more than 50% of the total international related-party dealings of your Australian economic group and you have: • a mark-up on costs of the relevant services of – 10% or less for services you receive – 10% or more for services you provide • not made sustained losses • not undergone a restructure within the year, and • assessed your compliance with the transfer pricing rules.

This option does not reduce the documentation requirements for international related-party dealings that are not technical services dealings.

Atkins is a subsidiary of Grande Inc, an American company. In the 2018–19 financial year, Atkins pays Grande Inc $1.7 million for technical services and $20 million for stock purchases. Atkins is charged a 7.4% mark-up for the technical services it receives. Atkins has no other related-party dealings and does not undergo any restructures, nor does it have sustained losses. It is the only member of the Australian economic group.

Atkins meets all of the eligibility criteria for the technical services simplified record-keeping option and can elect to apply it to its technical services from Grande Inc.

Condole is an Australian subsidiary of Globalbrit, a UK company, and is the only member of the Australian economic group. For the 2018–19 financial year, Condole sells stock to Globalbrit of $32 million and provides technical services of $2.6 million (with a 9% mark up on cost). It has no other related-party dealings, does not undergo any restructures nor makes sustained losses.

Condole does not meet the 10% mark-up on costs criterion for technical services provided. All criteria need to be met to be eligible to apply the option. Therefore, Condole cannot use the technical services simplified record-keeping option.

You have a combined cross-border loan balance of $50 million or less for your Australian economic group at all times throughout the financial year and: • for each of your outbound loans – your interest rate is no less than the following rate for each of the income years which the loan is in effect o 5.61% in your 2024–25 income year o 4.90% in your 2025–26 income year – the funds actually provided by you under the loan are Australian dollar funds and this is reflected in your loan agreements – your associated expenses are paid in Australian dollars and you have: • not made sustained losses • not undergone a restructure within the year, and • assessed your compliance with the transfer pricing rules.

This option only applies to eligible outbound loans and does not reduce the documentation requirements for other international related-party dealings, including: • inbound related-party interest-bearing loans and associated charges (see the low-level inbound loans option for eligibility) • other international related-party financial transactions (for example, guarantees) and associated charges.

GrangeCo is an Australian subsidiary of MauiCo, an American company. In the 2025–26 income year, GrangeCo lends MauiCo A$10 million with an interest rate of 6.0% or A$600,000 per year. GrangeCo has no other related-party dealings, does not undergo any restructures and does not make sustained losses. GrangeCo is the only member of the Australian economic group.

The 6.0% interest charge exceeds the minimum interest rate of 4.90% required for the 2025–26 income year to be eligible to use the low-level outbound loans simplified record-keeping option.

GrangeCo meets all of the eligibility criteria for the low-level outbound loans simplified record-keeping option and can elect to apply it to its interest-bearing loan to MauiCo.

AustralCo is an Australian subsidiary of HeadCo, a UK company. In the 2025–26 income year, AustralCo lends HeadCo A$11 million with an interest rate of 8.5% or A$935,000 per year. It also makes an interest-free loan of A$40 million to Choc, a Swiss entity. AustralCo has no other related-party dealings and does not undergo any restructures. AustralCo does not make sustained losses and is the only member of the Australian economic group.

The 8.5% interest rate charged on the loan to HeadCo exceeds the minimum interest rate of 4.90% to be eligible to use the low-level outbound loans simplified record-keeping option. However, AustralCo does not meet the interest rate criterion on the loan to Choc or the combined cross-border loan balance criterion. All criteria need to be met to be eligible to apply the option. Therefore, AustralCo cannot use the low-level outbound loans simplified record-keeping option.

DustieCo is the Australian parent of ForCo, an American company. DustieCo lends ForCo A$10 million in the 2025–26 income year, with an interest rate of 1% or A$100,000 per year. DustieCo has no other related-party dealings and does not undergo any restructures. It does not make sustained losses and this is the only cross-border loan in DustieCo's Australian economic group.

The interest rate of 1% for this loan is less than the minimum interest rate of 4.90% required for the 2025–26 income year to be eligible to use the low-level outbound loans simplified record-keeping option.

DustieCo does not meet the specified interest rate criterion in the 2025–26 income year. All criteria need to be met to be eligible to apply the option. Therefore, DustieCo cannot apply the low-level outbound loans simplified record-keeping option.

For more information, refer to Simplifying transfer pricing record-keeping.

For the purposes of the simplified record-keeping options for transfer pricing, an Australian economic group consists of an entity together with all the entities it is required by the Australian Accounting Standard AASB10 to include in its consolidated financial statements.

An entity can be a company, partnership, superannuation fund or trust.

To determine your combined cross-border loan balance: • you include all interest-bearing and interest-free loan average balances for amounts borrowed and loaned (labels 11a and 11b of the IDS) • if you have branch operations, you include the average balances for amounts claimed or returned for internally recorded dealings as amounts borrowed or loaned, interest-bearing and interest-free (labels 18aI, 18aK, 18bI and 18bK of the IDS), and • you do not net off the amounts borrowed or loaned but include both totals.

The cost base used for the service options (low value adding intra-group and technical) should reflect all relevant costs (direct and indirect) associated with the services.

Pass through costs should not be included in the cost base. Pass through costs are those where the service provider merely acts as an agent facilitating the provision of the services as an intermediary but does not actually provide the services itself.

You are a distributor if your main business activity is recorded on your tax return using the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC) Wholesale Trade code.

ANZSIC, 2006 (Revision 1.0) Chapter 8 Division F – The Wholesale Trade Division covers units mainly engaged in the purchase and on-selling, the commission-based buying, and/or the commission-based selling of goods, without significant transformation, to businesses. Units are classified within the Wholesale Trade Division in the first instance if they buy finished goods and then on-sell them (including on a commission basis) to businesses.

You have international related-party dealings if you have international commercial or financial dealings or relations between related parties – for example, an agreement with your foreign subsidiary.

An international related party includes any of the following: • an overseas entity or person who participates directly or indirectly in your management, control or capital • an overseas entity that you participate (directly or indirectly) in their management, control or capital, and • an overseas entity or person that has the same entity or person participating (directly or indirectly) in their management, control or capital as you do.

To be classified as a loan for the purposes of these options, the instrument must be a debt interest under Division 974 of the ITAA 1997.

Low value adding intra-group services are services between related parties that satisfy the definition outlined in paragraphs 7.43 to 7.63 of Section D of Chapter VII of the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010 (OECD TP Guidelines) and other documents covered by section 815-135 of the ITAA 1997 [1] , including services that: • are supportive in nature • do not constitute your core business or that of your related party • are not specified service dealings .

Examples of low value adding intra-group services include: • management and administration services; for example, activities that involve or relate to the control, facilitation and monitoring of your business' human (staffing) and financial resources (assets), back-office services or administrative services associated with employee share-based plans or recharge amounts – activities integral to financing, marketing or production are excluded • information technology (IT) services that are not part of the principal activity of the group; for example, installing, maintaining and updating IT systems used in the business, training on the use or application of information systems or developing IT guidelines • accounting, auditing, processing and management of accounts activities, and • other general services of an administrative or clerical nature.

Pre-intra-group services charges profit = total income − (total expenses − intra-group services expenses)

Total income and total expenses are as reported on your income tax return.

For the purposes of using these options, intra-group services expenses are all services expenses between related parties as reported in labels 8aC, 8bC, 8cC, 8dC, 8eC, 8fC, 8gC, 8hC, 8iC, 8jC and 8kC of your IDS.

Profit-before-tax ratio = (total income − total expenses) ÷ total income.

Total income and total expenses are as reported on your income tax return.

For the purposes of using these options, the ratio is to be calculated as a weighted average of 3 consecutive years, including the year for which you are considering applying the option.

A restructure event for the purposes of these options, consistent with the definition in Taxation Ruling TR 2011/1 Income tax: application of the transfer pricing provisions to business restructuring by multinational enterprises , refers to arrangements in which the assets, functions or risks of a business are transferred between you and your international related parties or your branch operations. Such arrangements may include: • reorganisation of your structure resulting in the disposal or acquisition of entities or the change of ownership of entities • establishment, expansion, reduction, liquidation or relocation of business operations or business lines, resulting in the – acquisition or disposal of assets or liabilities (tangible or intangible) – transfer of functions or the significant modification of service arrangements between yourself and international related parties (for example, transfer of agency, distribution, finance, information technology, insurance, logistics, marketing, sales, shared services, shipping, trading, transport and treasury functions) – transfer of risks between yourself and international related parties – increase or decrease of rights or obligations, and • a change in the nature of the business carried on through your branch operations (for example, you have commenced or ceased to use your property in, or to perform functions or services through, your branch operations).

A specified service between related parties is any service that is not a low value adding intra-group service and: • is not of a merely supportive nature • contributes significantly to the creation, enhancement or maintenance of value in the multinational economic group • requires the use of unique and valuable intangibles or leads to the creation of unique and valuable intangibles, or • involves the assumption of control of substantial or significant risk by, or gives rise to the creation of significant risk for, the service provider.

These services [2] include: • services constituting the core business of the multinational group • R&D activities (including software development unless falling within the scope of information technology services that are low value adding intra-group services) • manufacturing and production services • purchasing activities relating to raw materials or other materials that are used in the manufacturing or production process • sales, marketing and distribution activities • financial transactions • extraction, exploration, or processing of natural resources • insurance and reinsurance activities • services of corporate senior management (other than management supervision of services that qualify as low value adding intra-group services).

Sustained losses occur where you have incurred losses for 3 consecutive years, including the year for which you are considering applying the option.

For the purposes of these options, a loss is made when you report a negative amount on your income tax return after subtracting the sum of the total expenses labels from the sum of the total income labels.

Technical services are advice, assistance or support provided by persons with relevant technical expertise for activities associated with engineering, architecture and industrial design.

Technical services exclude advice or assistance associated with: • the use of intangible property, know-how, processes, systems or other like intangibles or rights • provision or acquisition of goods, commodities, other services (including financial services) or financial accommodation, and • the provision or acquisition of marketing or other activities associated with engagement with customers or potential customers.

The calculation takes into account the following expense and revenue amounts (descriptions and labels based on the 2018 IDS), but does not include the balance of any loans recognised in your accounting records: • tangible property of a revenue nature (label 5) • royalties or licence fees (labels 6a and 6b) • rent or leasing (label 7) • services (labels 8a to 8k) • derivatives (label 9) • financial dealings excluding loan balances (label 11 excluding 11a and 11b) • other revenue dealings (label 12) • branch operation dealings excluding loan balances – interest (labels 18aJ and 18bJ) – internal trading stock transfers (label 18c), and – other dealings (label 18d).

The calculation differs from that used in determining the IDS lodgment threshold of A$2 million as it does not include loan balances. For the technical services simplified record-keeping option, you also need to consider the relevant dealings for all entities within your Australian economic group.

For the purposes of these options, turnover is the total ordinary income you derive in the ordinary course of carrying on a business. It includes income sourced from sales, rent, dividends, interest, distributions and so on. For example, a company would use the amount reported at the total income label on its tax return.

If you have comments or feedback relating to this Guideline, please email TPsafeharbours@ato.gov.au