Income tax: Thinksmart Limited - return of share capital (ordinary shareholders)

This Ruling sets out the Commissioner's opinion on the way in which the relevant provisions identified below apply to the defined class of entities, who take part in the scheme to which this Ruling relates.

Legislative references in this Ruling are to provisions of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 or to provisions of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 as detailed below: Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 Subsection 6(1) Section 45A Section 45B Section 45C Section 47 Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Section 104-135 Section 104-165 Division 115 Section 115-25 Division 230 Section 855-10 Section 855-15 Section 975-300 Section 995-1 Section 997-50

The class of entities to which this Ruling applies is shareholders of Thinksmart Limited (Thinksmart) other than Computershare Investor Services Plc who: • were listed on the Thinksmart share register on the relevant date for determining entitlements to receive the return of share capital made on 29 March 2019 • hold their Thinksmart shares on capital account, that is, neither as revenue assets (as defined in section 977-50) nor as trading stock (as defined in subsection 995-1(1)) • are not subject to the taxation of financial arrangement rules in Division 230 in relation to gains and losses on their shares in Thinksmart. Note: Division 230 will generally not apply to individuals, unless they have made an election for the Division to apply to them.

The Commissioner makes this Ruling based on the precise scheme identified in this Ruling.

The class of entities defined in this Ruling may rely on its contents provided the scheme actually carried out is carried out in accordance with the scheme described in paragraphs 8 to 24 of this Ruling.

If the scheme actually carried out is materially different from the scheme that is described in this Ruling, then: • this Ruling has no binding effect on the Commissioner because the scheme entered into is not the scheme on which the Commissioner has ruled, and • this Ruling may be withdrawn or modified.

This Ruling applies from 1 July 2018 to 30 June 2019. The Ruling continues to apply after 30 June 2019 to all entities within the specified class who entered into the specified scheme during the term of the Ruling. However, this Ruling will not apply to taxpayers to the extent that it conflicts with the terms of a settlement of a dispute agreed to before the date of issue of this Ruling (see paragraphs 75 and 76 of Taxation Ruling TR 2006/10 Public Rulings ).

The following description of the scheme is based on information provided by the applicant. Note: Certain information has been provided on a commercial-in-confidence basis and will not be disclosed or released under Freedom of Information legislation.

Thinksmart is a financial technology company incorporated in Australia. The share capital of Thinksmart is comprised solely of one class of fully paid ordinary shares. Thinksmart had 106,041,244 shares on issue as at 15 March 2019.

Thinksmart shareholders comprise of: • Individuals • Companies, and • Superannuation funds.

Thinksmart shareholders include non-residents.

Thinksmart shares are traded through a depositary interest arrangement on the Alternative Investment Market (AIM) of the London Stock Exchange plc in the United Kingdom (UK). Thinksmart was admitted to the AIM on 2 December 2016.

Thinksmart Europe Limited (TSEL) is a wholly owned subsidiary of Thinksmart. TSEL was incorporated on 6 December 2002 in, and is a resident of, the UK.

Thinksmart has used an intercompany loan to fund the operations of TSEL. The amount loaned by Thinksmart to TSEL is sourced from share capital raisings conducted by Thinksmart as well as dividends received from TSEL.

ClearPay Finance Limited (ClearPay) was a wholly owned subsidiary of TSEL which was incorporated on 5 August 2004 in the UK. ClearPay is a resident of the UK.

TSEL funded the operations of ClearPay through an initial share capital investment and intercompany loan where TSEL on-loaned funds that it had received through the intercompany loan it held with Thinksmart.

TSEL subsequently sold 90% of the shares it held in ClearPay to Afterpay Touch Group Limited (Afterpay) on 24 August 2018. Immediately prior to completion of the sale, the total investment TSEL had made in ClearPay was £2.5M which consisted of £600,000 in share capital and an intercompany loan, waived just prior to settlement, of £1.9M.

TSEL received, as consideration for the disposal of 90% of the shares it held in ClearPay to Afterpay, 1,000,000 shares in Afterpay in two tranches on the following dates: Tranche Number of shares Date received Tranche 1 750,000 shares in AfterPay 23 August 2018 Tranche 2 250,000 shares in AfterPay 25 February 2019

TSEL sold the first tranche of 750,000 shares in Afterpay that it received from Afterpay on 28 August 2018 for $15M.

On 14 November 2018 the shareholders of Thinksmart resolved to return share capital not exceeding $8,000,000 (with the final amount returned to be determined by the directors of Thinksmart).

On 5 March 2019 the directors of Thinksmart resolved to return $7,999,751.44 to shareholders consisting of a dividend of 3.772 cents (0.440 cents of which will be fully franked, 3.332 cents of which will be declared as attaching conduit foreign income) and a return of share capital of 3.772 cents per share. The record date for shareholders to be entitled to receive the dividend and return of share capital was 15 March 2019 (Record Date).

The dividend was paid on 29 March 2019 to each shareholder and was debited against the retained earnings of Thinksmart.

The return of share capital was paid on 29 March 2019 (Payment Date) and debited against the share capital account of Thinksmart.

Thinksmart's share capital account (as defined in section 975-300) was not tainted within the meaning of Division 197.

No part of the return of share capital paid to the shareholders of Thinksmart is a dividend as defined in subsection 6(1).

CGT event G1 (section 104-135) happened to each Thinksmart shareholder when Thinksmart paid them the return of share capital in respect of each Thinksmart share that they owned at the Record Date and continued to own at the Payment Date.

A Thinksmart shareholder who was a foreign resident just before CGT event G1 happened will disregard any capital gain made when CGT event G1 happened in relation to a Thinksmart share if that share was not 'taxable Australian property' (section 855-10).

The Commissioner will not make a determination under section 45A or section 45B that section 45C applies to any part of the return of share capital paid to shareholders of Thinksmart.

The term 'dividend' is defined in subsection 6(1) and includes any distribution made by a company to any of its shareholders.

The payment of the return of share capital was a distribution of money by Thinksmart to its shareholders.

However, paragraph (d) of the definition of dividend in subsection 6(1) excludes any: ... moneys paid or credited by a company to a shareholder ... where the amount of the moneys paid or credited, ... is debited against an amount standing to the credit of the share capital account of the company ...

The term 'share capital account' is defined in section 975-300 as an account which the company keeps of its share capital, or any other account created on or after 1 July 1998 where the first amount credited to the account was an amount of share capital.

Subsection 975-300(3) provides that an account is generally taken not to be a share capital account if it is tainted. Thinksmart has confirmed that its share capital account was not tainted within the meaning of Division 197.

The return of share capital was debited against the share capital account of Thinksmart. As such, paragraph (d) of the definition of dividend in subsection 6(1) applies and the return of share capital is not a dividend as defined in subsection 6(1).

CGT event G1 happens if a company makes a payment to a shareholder in respect of a share they own in the company, some or all of the payment (the non-assessable part) is not a dividend, or an amount that is taken to be a dividend under section 47, and the payment is not included in the shareholder's assessable income (subsection 104-135).

CGT event G1 happened to a resident Thinksmart shareholder when Thinksmart made the return of share capital to them in respect of a Thinksmart share that they owned at the relevant Record Date and continued to own at the relevant Payment Date (section 104-135). The non-assessable part in respect of the share capital return is 3.772 cents per share.

A resident Thinksmart shareholder will make a capital gain under CGT event G1 if the non-assessable part is more than the cost base of the shareholder's Thinksmart share. The amount of the capital gain is equal to the excess (subsection 104-135(3)).

If a resident Thinksmart shareholder makes a capital gain from CGT event G1 happening, the Cost base / reduced cost base of their Thinksmart share is reduced to nil. A Thinksmart shareholder cannot make a capital loss when CGT event G1 happens (Note 1 to subsection 104-135(3)).

A capital gain made when CGT event G1 happens is eligible to be treated as a discount capital gain under Division 115 provided that the eligible Thinksmart shareholder acquired their Thinksmart share at least 12 months before the Payment Date (subsection 115-25(1)) and the other conditions are satisfied in Division 115.

If the non-assessable part is not more than the cost base of the resident shareholder's Thinksmart share, the Cost base / reduced cost base of the share are reduced (but not below nil) by the amount of the non-assessable part (subsection 104-135(4)).

A Thinksmart shareholder that is either a foreign resident whose Thinksmart share is taxable Australian property, or who is a temporary resident, must meet further conditions to be eligible to treat the capital gain as a discount capital gain under Division 115.

Under subsection 855-10(1), an entity disregards a capital gain or capital loss made from a CGT event if: • just before the CGT event happened, the entity is a foreign resident, or the trustee of a foreign trust for CGT purposes, and • the CGT event happens in relation to a CGT asset that is not 'taxable Australian property'.

The term 'taxable Australian property' is defined in the table in section 855-15. The table sets out five categories of CGT assets: Item 1 taxable Australian real property Item 2 an indirect Australian real property interest not covered by item 5 Item 3 a CGT asset used at any time in carrying on a business through a permanent establishment in Australia and which is not covered by item 1, 2 or 5 Item 4 an option or right to acquire a CGT asset covered by item 1, 2 or 3; and Item 5 a CGT asset that is covered by subsection 104-165(3) (choosing to disregard a gain or loss on ceasing to be an Australian resident).

A Thinksmart shareholder, being a foreign resident, or the trustee of a foreign resident trust for CGT purposes, cannot disregard a capital gain or capital loss made when CGT event G1 happened to their Thinksmart share under subsection 855-10(1) if the Thinksmart share: • was an indirect Australian real property interest (item 2 of the table in section 855-15), or • had been used at any time by them in carrying on a business through a permanent establishment in Australia (item 3 of the table in section 855-15), or • was covered by subsection 104-165(3) (item 5 of the table in section 855-15).

Sections 45A and 45B are two anti-avoidance provisions which, if they apply, allow the Commissioner to make a determination that section 45C applies to treat all or part of the return of share capital received by a Thinksmart shareholder as an unfranked dividend paid by the company out of profits.

Section 45A applies where capital benefits are streamed to some shareholders (the Advantaged Shareholders), who would derive a greater benefit from the receipt of capital than other shareholders (Disadvantaged Shareholders) and the Disadvantaged Shareholders received, or are likely to receive, dividends.

A reference to the 'provision of a capital benefit to a shareholder in a company' is defined in paragraph 45A(3)(b) to include the distribution to the shareholder of share capital.

Although a 'capital benefit' was provided to Thinksmart shareholders, the circumstances of the return of share capital indicate that there was no streaming of capital benefits to some Thinksmart shareholders and dividends to other Thinksmart shareholders.

Accordingly, the Commissioner will not make a determination under subsection 45A(2) that section 45C applies in relation to the whole, or a part, of the return of share capital.

Section 45B applies where certain capital payments are made to shareholders in substitution for dividends. In broad terms, subsection 45B(2) applies where: • there is a scheme under which a person is provided with a capital benefit by a company (paragraph 45B(2)(a)), and • under the scheme, a taxpayer (relevant taxpayer), who may or may not be the person provided with the capital benefit, obtains a tax benefit (paragraph 45B(2)(b)), and • having regard to the relevant circumstances of the scheme, it would be concluded that the person, or one of the persons, who entered into or carried out the scheme or any part of the scheme did so for a purpose (whether or not the dominant purpose but not including an incidental purpose), of enabling a taxpayer (relevant taxpayer) to obtain a tax benefit (paragraph 45B(2)(c)).

The return of share capital satisfies the conditions in paragraphs 45B(2)(a) and 45B(2)(b). However, having regard to the relevant circumstances of each scheme (comprising each return of share capital paid) set out in subsection 45B(8), it cannot be concluded that the scheme was entered into or carried out for a more than incidental purpose of enabling Thinksmart shareholders to obtain a tax benefit.

Accordingly, the Commissioner will not make a determination under subsection 45B(3) that section 45C applies to the whole, or a part, of the payment of the return of share capital.

The following is a detailed contents list for this Ruling: Paragraph Summary - what this Ruling is about 1 Relevant provisions 2 Class of entities 3 Qualifications 4 Date of effect 7 Scheme 8 Thinksmart Limited 9 Thinksmart Europe Limited and ClearPay Finance Limited 13 TSEL and disposal of ClearPay Finance Limited 15 Share capital return and dividend 20 Ruling 25 Return of share capital not a dividend 25 Capital gains tax (CGT) consequences 26 Non-resident shareholders 27 The application of sections 45A, 45B and 45C 28 Appendix 1 - Explanation 29 Return of share capital not a dividend 29 Capital gains tax (CGT) consequences 35 CGT event G1 35 Non-resident shareholders 42 The application of sections 45A, 45B and 45C 45 Section 45A - streaming of dividends and capital benefits 46 Section 45B - scheme to provide capital benefits 50 Appendix 2 - Detailed contents list 53