Income tax: 'Alcoa of Australia Limited Early Retirement Scheme 2017'

This Ruling sets out the Commissioner's opinion on the way in which the relevant provisions identified below apply to the defined class of entities, who take part in the scheme to which this Ruling relates.

The relevant provisions dealt with in this Ruling are: • section 83-170 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997) • section 83-180 of the ITAA 1997. All legislative references are to the ITAA 1997 unless otherwise indicated.

The class of entities to whom this scheme applies is those employees of Alcoa of Australia Limited (Alcoa) shown at paragraph 15 and 16 of this Ruling who receive a payment under the scheme described under the heading Scheme.

The class of entities defined in this Ruling may rely on its contents provided the scheme actually carried out is carried out in accordance with the scheme described under the heading Scheme.

If the scheme actually carried out is materially different from the scheme that is described in this Ruling, then: • the Ruling has no binding effect on the Commissioner because the scheme entered into is not the scheme on which the Commissioner has ruled, and • the Ruling may be withdrawn or modified.

This Ruling applies from 2 November 2017 to 30 July 2018. The Ruling continues to apply after 30 July 2018 to all entities within the specified class who entered into the specified scheme during the term of the Ruling. However, the Ruling will not apply to taxpayers to the extent that it conflicts with the terms of a settlement of a dispute agreed to before the date of issue of the Ruling (see paragraphs 75 and 76 of Taxation Ruling TR 2006/10).

The following description of the scheme is based on information provided by the applicant.

Alcoa is seeking the Commissioner's approval to implement an early retirement scheme in accordance with section 83-180.

The scheme will be titled ' Alcoa of Australia Limited Early Retirement Scheme 2017 ', hereafter referred to as 'the Scheme'.

Alcoa is located in Victoria and Western Australia and its operations involve mining, refining, smelting and exporting.

In recent years, Alcoa has undergone significant operating challenges in a declining commodity market. During this period, Alcoa has identified cost reduction opportunities through workforce reductions, organisation changes, changes to the composition of the workforce and by making significant changes to supplier relationships and logistics.

As such, Alcoa will rationalise and re-organise its operations by bringing new talent into the organisation to introduce skills that will be critical to enhance its ability to meet its strategic objectives, increase the diversity of the workforce, and increase local employment opportunities in the community.

Implementation of the Scheme will enable Alcoa to manage transition to retirement in a planned manner to ensure knowledge and skills are retained. The Scheme will also assist in driving targeted diversity and local community employment programs.

Specifically, the Scheme will: • provide an incentive for employees 55 years and over to transition to retirement in a dignified manner • enable Alcoa to manage exit and rehire of these critical positions in a planned and controlled manner • introduce skills that will be critical in their ability to meet their strategic objectives • increase the diversity of the work force, and • increase local area employment.

The class of employees to whom the Scheme applies is all permanent employees who are 55 years or over as at 2 November 2017 and will be under the age of 65 as of the date of termination.

The class of employees to whom the Scheme applies must be part of the Bauxite business unit organisation structure in Australia who are on individual employment contracts and not covered by collective industrial agreements.

The Scheme will be offered to employees from 2 November 2017.

Once the Scheme is offered, employees may submit an expression of interest (EOI) to retire under the Scheme.

Once an EOI has been made by an eligible employee to participate in the Scheme, Alcoa will make an offer to the employee within 30 days.

Eligible employees who retire under the Scheme will receive a payment based on their years of service: • $30,000 for employees with less than ten years of service, or • $50,000 for employees with ten or more years of service. These amounts will be pro-rated for permanent part-time employees.

In addition, all employees terminated under the Scheme will receive their statutory entitlements such as annual leave and long service leave where applicable. However, these amounts will not form part of the payment made under the Scheme.

The payment made under the Scheme is in excess of any superannuation and any other benefits to which eligible employees would otherwise be entitled.

Employees who terminate their employment other than under the proposed Scheme will not be entitled to receive the Scheme payment.

Payments made under the Scheme will be at arm's length.

Employees who accept an offer to retire under the Scheme must terminate their employment and receive their payment before 30 July 2018 and before they turn 65 years of age.

There is no agreement in place between any eligible employee and Alcoa, or between Alcoa and another person to employ the eligible employee after retirement under the Scheme.

Participation in the Scheme is entirely voluntary.

The Alcoa of Australia Limited Early Retirement Scheme 2017 is an early retirement scheme for the purposes of section 83-180.

Accordingly, so much of the payment received by an eligible employee that exceeds the amount that could reasonably be expected to be received by the employee in consequence of voluntary termination of their employment at the time of the retirement will be an early retirement scheme payment.

In addition, so much of the early retirement scheme payment as falls within the threshold calculated in accordance with section 83-170 is not assessable income and is not exempt income.

A scheme will be an early retirement scheme if it satisfies the requirements of subsection 83-180(3).

Subsection 83-180(3) states that: A scheme is an early retirement scheme if: (a) all the employer's employees who comprise such a class of employees as the Commissioner approves may participate in the scheme; and (b) the employer's purpose in implementing the scheme is to rationalise or re-organise the employer's operations by making any change to the employer's operations, or the nature of the work force, that the Commissioner approves; and (c) before the scheme is implemented, the Commissioner, by written instrument, approves the scheme as an early retirement scheme for the purposes of this section. These three conditions are now considered.

In order to satisfy the first condition, the scheme must be offered to all employees in a class approved by the Commissioner under paragraph 83-180(3)(a).

The class of employees to whom early retirement will be offered under the Scheme is set out in paragraph 15 and 16 of this Ruling.

The Commissioner considers that this is an appropriate class of persons for the Scheme to be offered to. In approving this class of employees the Commissioner has considered the nature of the rationalisation or re-organisation of the operations of the employer. It is therefore considered that these employees meet the requirements of an approved class of employees for the purposes of paragraph 83-180(3)(a).

The proposed scheme must be implemented by the employer with a view to rationalising or re-organising the operations of the employer as described in paragraph 83-180(3)(b).

Paragraphs 11 to 14 of this Ruling describe the nature of the rationalisation or re-organisation of the employer's operations. In approving the Scheme, the Commissioner has had regard to the changes in the operations and nature of the work force of the employer. It is considered that the Scheme is to be implemented by the employer with a view to rationalising or re-organising the operations of the employer for the purposes of paragraph 83-180(3)(b).

The Scheme is proposed to operate for a period from 2 November 2017 to 30 July 2018. The approval to be provided by the class ruling will have been granted prior to implementation therefore, for the purposes of paragraph 83-180(3)(c), this condition is satisfied.

The Scheme will be in operation for approximately seven months. This is considered appropriate due to the circumstances of the re-organisation.

Under subsection 83-180(1), so much of the payment received by an employee because the employee retires under an early retirement scheme as exceeds the amount that could reasonably be expected to be received by the employee in consequence of the voluntary termination of their employment at the time of termination is an early retirement scheme payment.

It should be noted that, in order for a payment to qualify as an early retirement scheme payment, it must also satisfy the following requirements (as set out in subsections 83-180(2), 83-180(5) and 83-180(6)): • the retirement occurred before the employee turned 65 or such earlier date on which the employee's employment would have terminated under the terms of employment because of the employee attaining a certain age or completing a particular period of service (as the case may be) • if the employee and the employer are not dealing with each other at arm's length (for example because they are related in some way), the payment does not exceed the amount that could reasonably be expected to be made if the retirement was at arm's length • at the time of retirement there was no arrangement between the employee and the employer, or between the employer and another person, to employ the employee after the retirement • the payment must not be made in lieu of superannuation benefits, and • it is not a payment mentioned in section 82-135 (apart from paragraph 82-135(e)).

The term 'arrangement' is defined in subsection 995-1(1) as meaning ' any arrangement, agreement, understanding, promise or undertaking, whether express or implied, and whether or not enforceable (or intended to be enforceable) by legal proceedings '.

In accordance with section 83-170, an early retirement scheme payment that falls within the specified limit is referred to as the 'tax-free' amount and will not be assessable income and will not be exempt income.

For the 2017-18 income year, the tax-free amount is limited to $10,155 (base amount) plus $5,078 (service amount) for each whole year of completed employment service to which the early retirement scheme payment relates. It should be noted that six months, eight months or even eleven months do not count as a whole year for the purposes of this calculation.

For the 2018-19 income year, the base amount and the service amount is yet to be determined at the publication of this Ruling. Therefore, employees should check the Australian Taxation Office website for the 2018-19 income year indexed amounts.

The total of the amount received on the termination of employment calculated in accordance with paragraph 20 of this Ruling may qualify as an early retirement scheme payment.

The total payment calculated in accordance with paragraph 20 of this Ruling will be measured against the limit in accordance with the formula mentioned in paragraphs 44 and 45 of this Ruling to determine the tax-free amount of the early retirement scheme payment.

The tax-free amount will: • not be an employment termination payment (ETP), and • not be able to be rolled-over into a superannuation fund.

Any payment in excess of this limit will be an ETP and will be split into tax-free and taxable components. The tax-free component of an ETP includes the pre-July 83 segment of the payment. The tax-free component is not assessable income and is not exempt income.

The taxable component of the ETP will be taxed at various rates depending on the person's age. It should be noted that the 'whole of income cap' does not apply to any part of the early retirement scheme payment.

The following is a detailed contents list for this Ruling: Paragraph Summary - what this Ruling is about 1 Relevant provision(s) 2 Class of entities 3 Qualifications 4 Date of effect 6 Scheme 7 Ruling 28 Appendix 1 - Explanation 31 All employees within a class approved by the Commissioner may participate in the scheme 33 The employer's purpose in implementing the scheme is to rationalise or re-organise the employer's operations in a way approved by the Commissioner 36 The scheme must be approved by the Commissioner prior to its implementation 38 Other relevant information 40 Appendix 2 - Detailed contents list 51