Income tax: off-market share buy-back: Perpetual Limited

This Ruling sets out the Commissioner's opinion on the way in which the relevant provision(s) identified below apply to the defined class of entities, who take part in the scheme to which this Ruling relates.

The relevant provisions dealt with in this Ruling are: • subsection 44(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (ITAA 1936); • section 45A of the ITAA 1936; • section 45B of the ITAA 1936; • section 45C of the ITAA 1936; • section 90 of the ITAA 1936; • subsection 95(1) of the ITAA 1936; • paragraph 128B(3)(ga) of the ITAA 1936; • section 159GZZZP of the ITAA 1936; • section 159GZZZQ of the ITAA 1936; • Division 1A of former Part IIIAA of the ITAA 1936; • section 177EA of the ITAA 1936; • section 6-5 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997); • Division 67 of the ITAA 1997; • section 104-10 of the ITAA 1997; • section 116-20 of the ITAA 1997; • section 118-20 of the ITAA 1997; • section 118-25 of the ITAA 1997; • section 202-5 of the ITAA 1997; • section 202-40 of the ITAA 1997; • section 204-30 of the ITAA 1997; • section 207-20 of the ITAA 1997; • section 207-45 of the ITAA 1997; • section 855-10 of the ITAA 1997;and • section 855-15 of the ITAA 1997 All legislative references in this Ruling are to the ITAA 1936 unless otherwise indicated.

The class of entities to which this Ruling applies is the ordinary shareholders of Perpetual Limited (Perpetual), a publicly listed company, who: (a) disposed of their ordinary shares in Perpetual under the Perpetual off-market share buy-back (the Buy-Back) which was announced by Perpetual on 26 August 2011 and which is described in the Scheme section of this Ruling; and (b) are not subject to the taxation of financial arrangements rules in Division 230 of the ITAA 1997 in relation to gains and losses on their Perpetual shares. (Note - Division 230 will generally not apply to individuals, unless they have made an election for it to apply to them.) In this Ruling, the ordinary shareholders of Perpetual are collectively referred to as 'shareholders'.

The class of entities defined in this Ruling may rely on its contents provided the scheme actually carried out is carried out in accordance with the scheme described in paragraphs 8 to 26 of this Ruling.

If the scheme actually carried out is materially different from the scheme that is described in this Ruling, then: • this Ruling has no binding effect on the Commissioner because the scheme entered into is not the scheme on which the Commissioner has ruled; and • this Ruling may be withdrawn or modified.

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This Ruling applies from 1 July 2011 to 30 June 2012. The Ruling continues to apply after 30 June 2012 to all entities within the specified class who entered into the specified scheme during the term of the Ruling. However, this Ruling will not apply to taxpayers to the extent that it conflicts with the terms of a settlement of a dispute agreed to before the date of issue of this Ruling (see paragraphs 75 and 76 of Taxation Ruling TR 2006/10).

The following description of the scheme is based on information provided by the applicant. Note: certain information has been provided on a commercial-in-confidence basis and will not be disclosed or released under Freedom of Information legislation.

Perpetual is a public company listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX).

As at 30 June 2011, the share capital of Perpetual comprised 44,671,129 fully paid ordinary shares. The financial statements of Perpetual as at 30 June 2011 show share capital of $411,947,000, reserves of $44,245,000 and retained earnings of $76,705,000.

The shareholders in Perpetual are a mix of individuals, companies, trusts, partnerships and superannuation funds, some of whom are non-residents.

On 26 August 2011 Perpetual announced (first announcement date) its intention to undertake an off-market buy-back of its own shares. Perpetual proposed to buy back up to $70 million worth of its ordinary shares representing approximately 7.5% of its issued capital. Perpetual retained the right to buy back a significantly higher or lower amount or no ordinary shares at all.

Perpetual had explored a number of potential growth opportunities and believed that the best way to maximise shareholder returns was through the return of surplus capital to shareholders via an off-market share buy-back.

The Buy-Back was conducted through a tender process during the specified tender period and was open to all shareholders, who were registered as such on the Record Date for the Buy-Back (6 September 2011), except for US and Canadian resident shareholders because the resultant applicability of US and Canadian tender offer rules would reduce flexibility of Perpetual in conducting the Off-Market Buy-Back

Participation in the Buy-Back was voluntary and therefore eligible shareholders who did not wish to participate were not required to do anything. Non-participating shareholders did not receive any property, dividends or distributions by way of compensation.

The Off-Market Buy-Back did not qualify as an 'equal access scheme' as defined in subsection 257B(2) of the Corporations Act 2001 . Relief was sought from the Australian Securities and Investments Commission in accordance with subsection 257D(4) of the Corporations Act 2001 so that Perpetual was not required to obtain shareholder approval for the Off-Market Buy-Back.

The Buy-Back tender period opened on 26 September 2011 (Opening Date) and closed on 14 October 2011 (Closing Date). Under the tender process, shareholders were able to submit offers to sell their shares at specified discount percentages (Tender Discount) to the volume weighted average price (VWAP) of Perpetual shares on the ASX over the five (5) trading days up to and including the Closing Date. The Tender Discount ranged from 6% to 10%, in 1% intervals. Shareholders could also submit tenders to sell different parcels of shares at different Tender Discounts within the range specified, or at the Final Price Tender which was the price as finally determined under the tender process. The Buy-Back Price did not exceed the market value of Perpetual Shares determined in accordance with Taxation Determination TD 2004/22.

Shareholders had the option of making their tender conditional on the Buy-Back Price being no less than one of several specified prices (Minimum Price). If the Buy-Back Price was below the specified Minimum Price, then the tender was rejected, and no shares were purchased by Perpetual in respect of that tender.

If no minimum price was specified by a shareholder, then the shareholder's tender could not be rejected on the grounds that the Buy-Back price was below the Minimum Price.

After the Tender Period closed, Perpetual's share registry managed a reverse book build of the tenders to determine the lowest price at which the targeted amount of capital could be repurchased.

Tenders received from shareholders fell into three categories: • Tenders below the final Buy-Back Price: all of the shares tendered below the final Buy-Back price were accepted; • Tenders at the final Buy-Back Price: all or some of the shares tendered at the final Buy-Back price were accepted. To the extent that the number of shares tendered at and below the final Buy-Back Price exceeded the number of shares Perpetual determined it wished to buy-back, individual share holders with tenders at the final Buy-Back Price were scaled back on a pro-rata basis; and • Tenders above the final Buy-Back Price: no shares tendered above the final Buy-Back were accepted.

Priority Parcel was defined as 220 shares or such lesser number of shares as is required to ensure that Perpetual is able to buy back only the number of shares it determines to buy back. Prior to any scale-back operating Perpetual bought back the Priority Parcel.

Shareholders who tendered all of their shares at or below the final Buy-Back Price, or as Final Price Tenders, and had 90 or fewer shares as a result of the scale-back, had all of the shares they tendered bought back in full. Shareholders with existing holdings of less than 220 shares were only permitted to tender all of their holding, not just a proportion of their holding.

On 17 October 2011 Perpetual announced that: • it had successfully completed the off-market share buy-back of 3,349,884 shares; representing approximately 7.5% of the issued capital of Perpetual; • the total amount of capital repurchased under the Buy-Back was $70,012,575.60; • the final price for the Buy-Back was set at $20.90 per share (Buy-Back Price), representing a discount of 10% to the VWAP of Perpetual shares over the five (5) trading days up to and including the Closing Date; • shares tendered at a discount of 10% or as a Final Price Tender were accepted in full, subject to any minimum price condition and scale back; • shares tendered at less than or equal to 9% discount were not accepted; • 90 tenders in respect of 58,424 shares were excluded on the basis of a minimum price condition; and • a scale back of 68.13% applied, subject to paragraphs 22 and 23 of this Ruling.

All shares bought under the Buy-Back were cancelled.

Under the Buy-Back, $9.22 per share was debited to Perpetual's untainted share capital account, and the balance of the Buy-Back Price was debited to Perpetual's retained earnings.

Participating shareholders will be taken to have been paid a dividend of $11.68 (the Dividend Component) for each share bought back under section 159GZZZP.

The Dividend Component is a frankable distribution pursuant to section 202-40 of the ITAA 1997, and is therefore capable of being franked in accordance with section 202-5 of the ITAA 1997.

The difference between the Buy-Back Price and the Dividend Component is not a dividend for income tax purposes.

The Dividend Component of $11.68 and an amount equal to the franking credit on the Dividend Component (gross-up) is included in the assessable income of resident individual, superannuation fund and company shareholders who participate in the Buy-Back under subsection 44(1) of the ITAA 1936 and subsection 207-20(1) of the ITAA 1997 respectively in the income year in which the Buy-Back occurred. These shareholders will be entitled to a tax offset under subsection 207-20(2) of the ITAA 1997 equal to the amount of the franking credit on the Dividend Component, subject to being a 'qualified person'.

The Dividend Component of $11.68 and an amount equal to the franking credit on the Dividend Component (gross-up) is included in the assessable income of a partnership that participates in the Buy-Back for the purposes of computing the net income of the partnership under section 90.

Where an individual partner, corporate partner, or a trustee partner specified by paragraphs 207-45(c) or 207-45(d) of the ITAA 1997 (certain trustees, and certain superannuation funds, approved deposit funds and pooled superannuation trusts) is: • assessable in respect of a share of the net income of the partnership; or • allowed a deduction in respect of a share of the partnership loss. then the partner will be entitled to a tax offset equal to the partner's share of the franking credit on the Dividend Component. This is provided the whole or part of that share of the net income or partnership loss of the partnership is attributable to an amount included in the assessable income of the partnership because the Dividend Component is made to the partnership.

The Dividend Component of $11.68 and an amount equal to the franking credit on the Dividend Component (gross-up) is included in the assessable income of a trustee for the purposes of computing the net income of the trust under subsection 95(1).

Where an individual beneficiary, corporate beneficiary, or a trustee beneficiary specified by paragraphs 207-45(c) or 207-45(d) of the ITAA 1997 (certain trustees, and certain superannuation funds, approved deposit funds and pooled superannuation trusts) is assessable in respect of a share of the net income of the trust, the beneficiary: • includes an amount in its assessable income (the gross-up); and • is entitled to a tax offset equal to the beneficiary's share of the franking credit on the Dividend Component (provided the Dividend Component was taken into account in working out the whole or part of that share of the net income of the trust). This is provided the Dividend Component was taken into account in working out the whole or part of that share of the net income of the trust.

The tax offsets are subject to the refundable tax offset rules in Division 67 of the ITAA 1997. Certain trustees and corporate tax entities are not entitled to the refundable tax offset rules because of subsections 67-25(1A) to 67-25(1D) of the ITAA 1997.

As the Dividend Component is fully franked, participating non-resident shareholders are not liable for Australian withholding tax under paragraph 128B(3)(ga).

Participating shareholders are taken to have received $10.30 as consideration in respect of each share bought back under the Buy-Back (Sale Consideration) on 17 October 2011 in accordance with section 159GZZZQ, unless the participating shareholder is a corporate tax entity to which subsections 159GZZZQ(8) and 159GZZZQ(9) apply.

TD 2004/22 outlines how to determine what would have been the market value of the share at the time of the Buy-Back if the Buy-Back did not occur and was never proposed to occur. If the Buy-Back price for each share bought back under the Buy-Back was less than what would have been the market value of the share if the Buy-Back did not occur and was never proposed to occur then, in accordance with TD 2004/22, the market value rule in subsection 159GZZZQ(2) applies to the Buy-Back.

The effect of this rule is that the difference between the Buy-Back price and the market value, determined in accordance with TD 2004/22, will be included in the consideration received for the disposal of the share for ordinary income or capital gains tax (CGT) purposes, in addition to the capital amount of $9.22 per share debited to the share capital account (Capital Component). Accordingly, the Sale Consideration is $10.30.

The treatment of the Sale Consideration amount for tax purposes will depend on whether the sale is on capital account (where the shares are held for investment) or on revenue account.

The shares are taken to have been disposed of for CGT purposes on 17 October 2011 pursuant to section 104-10 of the ITAA 1997 (CGT event A1).

The Sale Consideration of $10.30 represents the capital proceeds for CGT purposes pursuant to section 116-20 of the ITAA 1997. A shareholder will make a capital gain on a share if the Sale Consideration per share exceeds the cost base of that share. The capital gain is the amount of the excess. Similarly, a shareholder will make a capital loss on a share if the Sale Consideration per share is less than the reduced cost base of the share (subsection 104-10(4) of the ITAA 1997).

Where the shares are held as trading stock, the Sale Consideration of $10.30 is included in assessable income under section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997. These shareholders will also make a capital gain or capital loss calculated as discussed at paragraph 45 of this Ruling for those who held their shares on capital account. However, under section 118-25 of the ITAA 1997 any capital gain or capital loss a participating shareholder makes will be disregarded if at the time of the CGT event the shares are held by them as trading stock.

Where the shares are held as revenue assets, but are not trading stock, the amount by which the Sale Consideration of $10.30 per share exceeds the cost of each share is included in the shareholder's assessable income. Correspondingly, if the cost exceeds the Sale Consideration of $10.30 per share the difference is an allowable deduction. Where the Sale Consideration per share exceeds the cost base of that share these shareholders will also make a capital gain.

However, under section 118-20 of the ITAA 1997 any capital gain a participating shareholder makes will be reduced if, because of the event, the capital proceeds have otherwise been included in assessable income. The capital gain is reduced by the amount of the Sale Consideration otherwise included in assessable income or to zero, whichever is the greater. (A corresponding rule applies to a partner of a partnership.)

A foreign resident, or the trustee of a foreign trust for CGT purposes, just before CGT event A1 happens who participates in the Buy-Back disregards (under subsection 855-10(1) of the ITAA 1997) any capital gain or capital loss from CGT event A1 happening if their shares in Perpetual are not 'taxable Australian property' as defined in section 855-15 of the ITAA 1997.

For the purposes of Division 1A of former Part IIIAA, participating shareholders will be considered to satisfy the holding period rule under former section 160APHO and therefore be qualified persons (as long as the related payments rule is also met) in relation to the Dividend Component received under the Buy-Back if: • the shares sold into the Buy-Back were acquired on or before 01 September 2011 (noting that Perpetual shares traded on the ASX on an ex-entitlement basis in relation to the Buy-Back from 31 August 2011 (the Ex-entitlement Date)); and • during the period when the shares or interest in the shares were held the shareholders had sufficient risks of loss or opportunities for gain in respect of the shares or interest in the shares (as defined in former section 160APHM) for a continuous period of at least 45 days. Neither the announcement of the Buy-Back, the making of an invitation to shareholders to offer to sell their Perpetual shares nor the making of an offer by a shareholder to Perpetual in respect of a Perpetual share will affect whether the shares bought back under the Buy-Back are held 'at risk' for the purposes of Division 1A of former Part IIIAA.

The 'last-in first-out' rule in former subsection 160APHI(4) has no effect for the purposes of the Buy-Back to Perpetual shares acquired on or after 31 August 2011 (the Ex-entitlement Date) which do not confer an entitlement to participate in the Buy-Back.

The Commissioner will not make a determination under subsection 45A(2) or 45B(3) that section 45C applies to the whole, or any part, of the Capital Component of the Buy-Back Price received by participating shareholders.

The Commissioner will not make a determination under paragraph 177EA(5)(b) to deny the whole, or any part, of the imputation benefits received in relation to the Dividend Component of the Buy-Back Price by participating shareholders.

The Commissioner will not make a determination under paragraph 204-30(3)(c) of the ITAA 1997 to deny the whole, or any part, of the imputation benefits received in relation to the Dividend Component of the Buy-Back Price by participating shareholders.

The purchase price received by participating shareholders comprises two components: • a Dividend Component; and • a Capital Component.

The amount of each of these components is determined in accordance with sections 159GZZZP and 159GZZZQ, having regard to how the company accounts for the off-market share buy-back.

Section 159GZZZP provides that where the buy-back of a share is an off-market purchase, the difference between the purchase price and the part (if any) of the purchase price which is debited against the share capital account, is taken to be a dividend paid by the company to the seller on the day the buy-back occurs. In this case the purchase price was $20.90 per share and $9.22 of this was debited to the share capital account (Capital Component). Therefore the Dividend Component is $11.68 per share.

The Dividend Component of $11.68 per share is frankable but only to the extent that the Buy-Back Price does not exceed the market value of the share at the time of the Buy-Back if the Buy-Back did not occur and was never proposed to occur (paragraph 202-45(c) of the ITAA 1997).

TD 2004/22 outlines how to determine what would have been the market value of the share at the time of the Buy-Back if the Buy-Back did not occur and was never proposed to occur. In this case, the Buy-Back Price did not exceed the market value determined in accordance with TD 2004/22.

In the case of Australian resident shareholders (other than a partnership or trust) who participate in the Buy-Back and who directly receive the Dividend Component: • the Dividend Component is included in the assessable income of each shareholder under subsection 44(1); and • subject to the 'qualified person' rule, an amount equal to the amount of the franking credit on the Dividend Component is included in the assessable income of each shareholder under subsection 207-20(1) of the ITAA 1997 (gross-up).

Subject to the 'qualified person' rule, these shareholders are entitled to a tax offset under subsection 207-20(2) of the ITAA 1997 equal to the amount of the franking credit on the Dividend Component.

The franked distribution may flow indirectly to a partner in a partnership or a beneficiary of certain trusts.

In general terms, pursuant to subsection 207-50(2) of the ITAA 1997, a franked distribution will flow indirectly to a partner in a partnership where the partner: • has an individual interest in the partnership's net income that is covered by paragraph 92(1)(a) or 92(1)(b) of the ITAA 1936, or has an individual interest in a partnership loss of the partnership that is covered by paragraph 92(2)(a) or 92(2)(b) of the ITAA 1936; and • has a share of the franked distribution under section 207-55 of the ITAA 1997 that is a positive amount.

In general terms, pursuant to subsection 207-50(3) of the ITAA 1997, a franked distribution will flow indirectly to a beneficiary of a trust where the beneficiary: • has a share of the trust's net income that is covered by paragraph 97(1)(a) of the ITAA 1936 or has an individual interest in the trust's net income that is covered by paragraph 98A(1)(a) or 98A(1)(b) or paragraph 100(1)(a) or 100(1)(b) of the ITAA 1936; and • has a share of the franked distribution under section 207-55 of the ITAA 1997 that is a positive amount.

In the case of partnerships and certain trusts that participate in the Buy-Back the following income tax consequences arise.

Pursuant to subsection 44(1), the Dividend Component is included in the assessable income of the partnership for the purposes of computing the net income of the partnership under section 90.

Subject to the 'qualified person' rule, pursuant to subsection 207-35(1) of the ITAA 1997, an amount equal to the amount of the franking credit on the Dividend Component is included in the assessable income of the partnership for the purposes of computing the net income of the partnership under section 90 of the ITAA 1936 (gross up).

Where an individual partner, corporate partner, or a trustee partner specified by paragraph 207-45(c) or 207-45(d) of the ITAA 1997, has: • an individual interest in the partnership's net income that is covered by paragraph 92(1)(a) or 92(1)(b) of the ITAA 1936; or • has an individual interest in a partnership loss of the partnership that is covered by paragraph 92(2)(a) or 92(2)(b) of the ITAA 1936; and • the partner has a share of the Dividend Component under section 207-55 of the ITAA 1997 that is a positive amount, then the partner is, subject to the 'qualified person' rule, entitled to a tax offset equal to the partner's share of the franking credit on the Dividend Component under section 207-57 of the ITAA 1997.

Pursuant to subsection 44(1), the Dividend Component is included in the assessable income of a trustee for the purposes of computing the net income of the trust under subsection 95(1).

Subject to the 'qualified person' rule, pursuant to subsection 207-35(2) of the ITAA 1997, an amount equal to the amount of the franking credit on the Dividend Component is included in the assessable income of the trustee for the purposes of computing the net income of the trust under subsection 95(1) of the ITAA 1936 (gross-up).

Where an individual beneficiary, corporate beneficiary, or a trustee beneficiary specified by paragraph 207-45(c) or 207-45(d) of the ITAA 1997 has: • a share of the trust's net income that is covered by paragraph 97(1)(a) of the ITAA 1936 or has an individual interest in the trust's net income that is covered by paragraph 98A(1)(a) or 98A(1)(b) or paragraph 100(1)(a) or 100(1)(b) of the ITAA 1936; and • the beneficiary has a share of the Dividend Component under section 207-55 of the ITAA 1997 that is a positive amount, then the beneficiary is, subject to the 'qualified person' rule, assessed on an amount equal to the beneficiary's share of the franking credit on the Dividend Component as calculated under section 207-57 of the ITAA 1997, and entitled to a tax offset of the same amount.

The tax offsets are subject to the refundable tax offset rules in Division 67 of the ITAA 1997, provided the participating shareholders are not excluded by subsections 67-25(1A) to 67-25(1D) of the ITAA 1997.

As the Dividend Component of the consideration received under the Buy-Back is fully franked, a non-resident shareholder is not liable to Australian withholding tax on the Dividend Component (paragraph 128B(3)(ga)).

For the purposes of determining the amount of a capital gain or capital loss (where the shares are held on capital or revenue account) the consideration in respect of the disposal of a share, the Sale Consideration, under a buy-back is determined in accordance with section 159GZZZQ.

Subsection 159GZZZQ(1) provides that a shareholder is taken to have received an amount equal to the purchase price (in this case the $20.90 received for each share bought back) as consideration in respect of the sale of the share bought back. However, this amount is subject to certain adjustments in order to arrive at the Sale Consideration.

Subsection 159GZZZQ(2) is one of the adjusting provisions. It provides that if the purchase price is less than the market value of the share at the time of the buy-back (calculated as if the buy-back did not occur and was never proposed to occur) the shareholder is taken to have received an amount equal to the market value as consideration in respect of the sale of the share bought back.

For the purposes of determining the application of subsection 159GZZZQ(2) the following methodology has been proposed by Perpetual and accepted by the Commissioner in accordance with TD 2004/22: The market value of each share is the VWAP of the shares over the last five trading days before the first announcement date of the Buy-Back, adjusted for the percentage change in the S&P/ASX 200 Index from the commencement of trading on the first announcement date being 26 August 2011 to the close of the trading on the day that the Buy-Back closed being 14 October 2011 and further adjusted on an ex-dividend basis.

Under this methodology, the market value of a share bought back under the Buy-Back was calculated to be $21.98. Therefore, the shareholders are taken to have received $21.98 for the sale of each share rather than $20.90.

Pursuant to subsection 159GZZZQ(3), the deemed consideration of $21.98 is reduced by a 'Reduction Amount'. The Reduction Amount is an amount calculated under subsection 159GZZZQ(4). In the circumstances of the Buy-Back, the Reduction Amount is equivalent to the Dividend Component, that is, $11.68 unless the seller is a corporate tax entity to whom subsection 159GZZZQ(8) applies. Therefore, the Sale Consideration for each share disposed of under the Buy-Back is $10.30 ($21.98 less $11.68).

However, it should be noted that where a participating shareholder is a corporate tax entity which is entitled to a tax offset under Division 207 of the ITAA 1997 in respect of the Dividend Component, an adjustment may be made to the Sale Consideration. Under subsection 159GZZZQ(8) of the ITAA 1936, if that shareholder would otherwise incur either a capital loss or a deductible loss (or any increase in such a loss) in respect of the sale of a share bought back under the Buy-Back, the Sale Consideration is increased by an off-settable amount determined under subsection 159GZZZQ(9) of the ITAA 1936. The Reduction Amount is reduced by so much of the off-settable amount that does not exceed the capital loss or the deductible loss.

Participating shareholders are taken to have disposed of those shares accepted under the Buy-Back on 17 October 2011 (CGT event A1). The disposal may have different taxation implications for shareholders depending on how the shares were held, for instance: • an investor who held their shares on capital account will be subject to the CGT provisions; and • a share trader who held their shares on revenue account will be subject to the ordinary income provisions and the CGT provisions.

The Sale Consideration of $10.30 represents the capital proceeds for CGT purposes pursuant to section 116-20 of the ITAA 1997. A shareholder will make a capital gain on a share if the Sale Consideration per share exceeds the cost base of that share. The capital gain is the amount of the excess. Similarly, a shareholder will make a capital loss on a share if the Sale Consideration per share is less than the reduced cost base of the share (subsection 104-10(4) of the ITAA 1997).

Where the shares are held as trading stock, the Sale Consideration of $10.30 is included in assessable income under section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997. These shareholders will also make a capital gain or capital loss. However, as the shares are held as trading stock, the capital gain or loss is disregarded under section 118-25 of the ITAA 1997.

Where the shares are held as revenue assets, but are not trading stock, the amount by which the Sale Consideration of $10.30 per share exceeds the cost of each share is included in the shareholder's assessable income. Correspondingly, if the cost exceeds the Sale Consideration of $10.30 per share the difference is an allowable deduction. Where the Sale Consideration per share exceeds the cost base of the share these shareholders will also make a capital gain. However, shareholders who hold their shares as revenue assets will have the amount of the capital gain reduced under the anti-overlap provisions contained in section 118-20 of the ITAA 1997.

Under subsection 855-10(1) of the ITAA 1997, an entity disregards a capital gain or capital loss from a CGT event if they are a foreign resident, or the trustee of a foreign trust for CGT purposes, just before the CGT event happens and the CGT event happens in relation to a CGT asset that is not 'taxable Australian property'.

The term 'taxable Australian property' is defined in the table in section 855-15 of the ITAA 1997. The table sets out these five categories of CGT assets: Item 1 taxable Australian real property; Item 2 an indirect Australian real property interest not covered by item 5; Item 3 a CGT asset used at any time in carrying on a business through a permanent establishment in Australia and which is not covered by item 1, 2 or 5; Item 4 an option or right to acquire a CGT asset covered by item 1, 2 or 3; and Item 5 a CGT asset that is covered by subsection 104 165(3) (choosing to disregard a gain or loss on ceasing to be an Australian resident).

A foreign resident, or the trustee of a foreign trust for CGT purposes, just before CGT event A1 happens in respect of the Buy-Back cannot disregard under subsection 855-10(1) of the ITAA 1997 a capital gain from CGT event A1 if: • their share in Perpetual was an indirect Australian real property interest (item 2 of the table in section 855-15 of the ITAA 1997); or • their share in Perpetual had been used at any time by the foreign resident, or the trustee of a foreign trust for CGT purposes, in carrying on a business through a permanent establishment in Australia (item 3 of the table in section 855-15); or • their share in Perpetual was covered by subsection 104-165(3) (item 5 of the table in section 855-15).

Paragraph 207-145(1)(a) of the ITAA 1997 provides that in relation to a franked dividend made by an entity only a qualified person in relation to the distribution for the purposes of Division 1A of former Part IIIAA of the ITAA 1936 is entitled to a franking credit or tax offset. Broadly speaking, to be a 'qualified person' in relation to the Dividend Component paid under the Buy-Back, the participating shareholder must satisfy both the holding period rule and the related payments rule.

Broadly, a shareholder will not satisfy the related payments rule if the shareholder, or associate of the shareholder, is under an obligation to make, or makes, a payment in respect of the dividend which effectively passes the economic benefit of the dividend to another person.

The holding period rule requires a shareholder to hold the shares, or the interest in the shares, on which the dividend is paid at risk for a continuous period of at least 45 days. In determining whether a shareholder has satisfied the holding period rule, any days during which there is a materially diminished risk in relation to the relevant shares are not counted. The day of acquisition and the day of disposal of the relevant shares are also not counted.

Under former subsection 160APHM(2), a shareholder is taken to have materially diminished the risks of loss and opportunities for gain with respect to shares or interests in shares if the 'net position' of the shareholder results in the shareholder having less than 30% of the risks and opportunities relating to the shares or interest in shares.

In this case the Commissioner does not regard the announcement of the Buy-Back offer as affecting whether the shares or an interest in shares was held at risk or not.

There are at least 45 clear days between 01 September 2011 and 17 October 2011, that is, the date the tender offer was accepted. Therefore, a shareholder who acquired shares on or before 01 September 2011 satisfies the holding period rule as long as those shares were held at risk for at least 45 continuous days. A shareholder who acquired shares after 01 September 2011 that were subsequently bought back under the Buy-Back is not a qualified person in relation to the dividend paid under the Buy-Back for the purposes of Division 1A of former Part IIIAA except in certain circumstances. It is noted that Perpetual shares traded on the ASX on an ex-entitlement basis in relation to the Buy-Back from 31 August 2011 (the Ex-entitlement Date).

Generally, under the holding period rule a shareholder will be deemed to have disposed of his or her most recently acquired shares first: former subsection 160APHI(4). The 45 day rule operates on a 'last-in first-out' basis, so that shareholders will be deemed to have disposed of their most recently acquired shares first for the purposes of applying the 45 day rule. Accordingly, shareholders who, after 30 August 2011, acquired any additional Perpetual shares which conferred an entitlement to participate in the Buy-Back, may not qualify for the franking credits attached to the dividends paid on some or all of the shares sold into the Buy-Back.

However, Perpetual shares acquired by participating shareholders which did not confer an entitlement to participate in the Buy-Back (ex-entitlement shares) which were purchased after Perpetual shares that did confer an entitlement to participate in the Buy-Back (cum-entitlement shares) will not be considered to take the place of tendered cum-entitlement shares under an application of the 'last-in first-out' rule in former subsection 160APHI(4). Ex-entitlement shares do not constitute 'related securities' for the purposes of former subsection 160APHI(2) to any cum-entitlement shares. Accordingly, for any additional Perpetual shares that a participating shareholder acquired on or after 30 August 2011 that did not confer an entitlement to participate in the Buy-Back, the 'last-in first out' rule in former subsection 160APHI(4) will not apply in relation to those shares.

Sections 45A and 45B are two anti-avoidance provisions which, if they apply, allow the Commissioner to make a determination that section 45C applies. The effect of such a determination is that all or part of the distribution of capital received by the shareholder under the Buy-Back is treated as an unfranked dividend. Accordingly, the application of these two provisions to the Buy-Back must be considered.

Section 45A is an anti-avoidance provision that applies in circumstances where capital benefits are streamed to certain shareholders (the advantaged shareholders) who derive a greater benefit from the receipt of share capital and it is reasonable to assume that the other shareholders (the disadvantaged shareholders) have received or will receive dividends.

Although a 'capital benefit' (as defined in paragraph 45A(3)(b)) is provided to participating shareholders under the Buy-Back, the circumstances of the Buy-Back indicate that there is no streaming of capital benefits to some shareholders and dividends to other shareholders.

Accordingly, the Commissioner will not make a determination under subsection 45A(2) that section 45C applies to treat all or part of the Capital Component of the Buy-Back price as an unfranked dividend paid by the company.

Section 45B applies where certain capital payments are paid to shareholders in substitution for dividends. In broad terms, section 45B applies where: (a) there is a scheme under which a person is provided with a capital benefit by a company (paragraph 45B(2)(a)); (b) under the scheme, a taxpayer (the 'relevant taxpayer'), who may or may not be the person provided with the capital benefit, obtains a tax benefit (paragraph 45B(2)(b)); and (c) having regard to the relevant circumstances of the scheme, it would be concluded that the person, or one of the persons, who entered into or carried out the scheme or any part of the scheme did so for a purpose (whether or not the dominant purpose but not including an incidental purpose), of enabling the relevant taxpayer to obtain a tax benefit (paragraph 45B(2)(c)).

In the case of the Buy-Back, whilst the conditions of paragraphs 45B(2)(a) and 45B(2)(b) have been met, the requisite purpose of enabling the shareholder to obtain a tax benefit by way of capital distribution was not present.

Having regard to the 'relevant circumstances' of the scheme (the Buy-Back): • the Capital Component of the Buy-Back was determined in accordance with the average capital per share method preferred by PS LA 2007/9; and • the Capital Component cannot be said to be attributable to the profits of the company; and • the Buy-Back is not expected to impact upon the company's dividend distribution policy; and • as a consequence of the Buy-Back, the distribution of share capital will result in a reduction in the participants' ownership interests in the company.

Accordingly, the Commissioner will not make a determination under subsection 45B(3) that section 45C applies to treat all or part of the Capital Component of the Buy-back price as an unfranked dividend paid by the company.

Section 177EA is a general anti-avoidance provision that applies to a wide range of schemes designed to obtain imputation benefits. In essence, it applies to schemes for the disposition of shares or an interest in shares, where a franked distribution is paid or payable in respect of the shares or an interest in shares. This would include a buy-back with a franked dividend component.

Specifically, subsection 177EA(3) provides that section 177EA applies if: (a) there is a scheme for a disposition of membership interests, or an interest in membership interests, in a corporate tax entity; and (b) either: (i) a frankable distribution has been paid, or is payable or expected to be payable, to a person in respect of the membership interests; or (ii) a frankable distribution has flowed indirectly, or flows indirectly or is expected to flow indirectly, to a person in respect of the interest in membership interests, as the case may be; and (c) the distribution was, or is expected to be, a franked distribution or a distribution franked with an exempting credit; and (d) except for this section, the person (the relevant taxpayer ) would receive, or could reasonably be expected to receive, imputation benefits as a result of the distribution; and (e) having regard to the relevant circumstances of the scheme, it would be concluded that the person, or one of the persons, who entered into or carried out the scheme or any part of the scheme did so for a purpose (whether or not the dominant purpose but not including an incidental purpose) of enabling the relevant taxpayer to obtain an imputation benefit.

In the present case the conditions of paragraphs 177EA(3)(a) to 177EA(3)(d) are satisfied. Accordingly, the issue is whether, having regard to the relevant circumstances of the scheme, it would be concluded that, on the part of Perpetual, its shareholders or any other relevant party, there is a purpose more than merely an incidental purpose of conferring an imputation benefit under the scheme. Under this arrangement the relevant taxpayer is the participating shareholder and the scheme comprises the circumstances surrounding the Buy-Back.

In arriving at a conclusion the Commissioner must have regard to the relevant circumstances of the scheme which include, but are not limited to, the circumstances set out in subsection 177EA(17). The relevant circumstances listed there encompass a range of circumstances which, taken individually or collectively, could indicate the requisite purpose. Due to the diverse nature of these circumstances some may not be present at any one time in any one scheme.

The Commissioner has come to the view that section 177EA applies to the Buy-Back. In coming to this conclusion the Commissioner had regard to all the relevant circumstances of the arrangement, as outlined in subsection 177EA(17). Among the circumstances of the Buy-Back reflected in those paragraphs are: • the delivery of franking credits in excess of what would have otherwise been distributed in the ordinary course of dividend declaration; • the greater attraction of the Buy-Back to resident shareholders who could fully utilise the franking credits than to non-resident shareholders who could not; • the greater attraction of the Buy-Back to some resident shareholders with a low marginal tax rate than other resident shareholders (for example, whereas superannuation funds are taxed at 15% and corporations at 30% individuals can be taxed at a marginal tax rate up to 45%).

Where section 177EA applies the Commissioner has a discretion pursuant to subsection 177EA(5) to make a determination to debit the company's franking account pursuant to paragraph 177EA(5)(a), or deny the imputation benefit to each shareholder pursuant to paragraph 177EA(5)(b).

The Commissioner will exercise his discretion in such a way that he does not make a determination that the imputation benefit obtained by the participating shareholders be denied under paragraph 177EA(5)(b).

Section 204-30 of the ITAA 1997 applies where a corporate tax entity streams the payment of dividends, or the payment of dividends and the giving of other benefits, to its members in such a way that: (a) an imputation benefit is, or apart from this section would be, received by a member of the entity as a result of the distribution or distributions (paragraph 204-30(1)(a)); (b) the member would derive a greater benefit from franking credits than another member of the entity (paragraph 204-30(1)(b)); and (c) the other member of the entity will receive lesser imputation benefits, or will not receive any imputation benefits, whether or not the other member receives other benefits (paragraph 204-30(1)(c)).

Relevantly, if section 204-30 of the ITAA 1997 applies, the Commissioner is vested with a discretion under subsection 204-30(3) to make a determination in writing either: (a) that a specified franking debit arises in the franking account of the entity, for a specified distribution or other benefit to a disadvantaged member (paragraph 204-30(3)(a)); or (b) that no imputation benefit is to arise in respect of any streamed distribution made to a favoured member and specified in the determination (paragraph 204-30(3)(c)).

For section 204-30 of the ITAA 1997 to apply, members to whom distributions are streamed must derive a greater benefit from imputation benefits than the members who do not participate in the Buy-Back. The words 'derive a greater benefit from franking credits' (imputation benefits) are defined in subsection 204-30(8) by reference to the ability of the members to fully utilise imputation benefits.

A significant portion of Perpetual's shareholding was held by non-residents who do not fully benefit from franking, a feature of the Buy-Back, to the same extent as resident shareholders. Therefore, the conditions in subsection 204-30(1) of the ITAA 1997 for the provision to apply are met. However, the Commissioner will not make a determination under section 204-30.

The following is a detailed contents list for this Ruling: Paragraph What this Ruling is about 1 Relevant provision(s) 2 Class of entities 3 Qualifications 4 Date of effect 7 Scheme 8 Off-market share buy-back 14 Ruling 27 The Dividend Component 27 Assessability of the Dividend Component and tax offset 30 Direct distributions 30 Indirect distributions 31 Partnerships 31 Trusts 33 Refundable tax offset 35 Non-resident shareholders 35 Sale Consideration 37 Shares held on capital account 41 Shares held on revenue account 43 Foreign resident shareholders: CGT consequences 46 Qualified persons 47 The anti-avoidance provisions 49 Appendix 1 - Explanation 52 The Dividend and Capital Components 52 The Dividend Component 54 Assessability of the Dividend Component and tax offset 57 Direct distributions 57 Indirect distributions 59 Partnerships 63 Trusts 66 Refundable tax offset 69 Non-resident shareholders 70 The Capital Component 71 Calculation of Sale Consideration 71 Shares held on capital account 79 Shares held on revenue account 80 Foreign resident shareholders: CGT consequences 82 Qualified persons 85 The anti-avoidance provisions 93 Sections 45A and 45B 93 Section 177EA 101 Section 204-30 108 Appendix 2 - Detailed contents list 112