Income tax: Selective Capital Reduction: CITIC Australia Trading Limited

This Ruling sets out the Commissioner's opinion on the way in which the relevant provision(s) identified below apply to the defined class of entities, who take part in the scheme to which this Ruling relates.

The relevant provisions dealt with in this Ruling are: • subsection 6(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (ITAA 1936); • subsection 44(1) of the ITAA 1936; • section 45A of the ITAA 1936; • section 45B of the ITAA 1936; • section 45C of the ITAA 1936; • section 128B of the ITAA 1936; • Division 16K of Part III (Division 16K) of the ITAA 1936; • Division 1A of former Part IIIAA of the ITAA 1936 (repealed with savings provisions); • former section 160APHO of the ITAA 1936; • section 177EA of the ITAA 1936; • section 6-5 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997); • section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997; • Division 67 of the ITAA 1997; • section 67-25 of the ITAA 1997; • section 104-25 of the ITAA 1997; • section 116-20 of the ITAA 1997; • section 118-20 of the ITAA 1997; • section 118-25 of the ITAA 1997; • section 202-5 of the ITAA 1997; • section 202-40 of the ITAA 1997; • section 202-45 of the ITAA 1997; • section 204-30 of the ITAA 1997; • section 207-20 of the ITAA 1997; • section 207-145 of the ITAA 1997; • section 855-10 of the ITAA 1997; and • section 855-15 of the ITAA 1997.

The class of entities to which this Ruling applies is the shareholders of CITIC Australia Trading Limited (CATL), other than CITIC Resources Australia Pty Ltd (CRA), who will participate in the Selective Capital Reduction described in the Scheme part of this Ruling under which their shares will be cancelled. In this Ruling, this class of entities is referred to as 'eligible shareholders'.

The Ruling does not deal with how the taxation laws apply to CATL in relation to the capital reduction.

The Commissioner makes this Ruling based on the precise scheme identified in this Ruling.

The class of entities defined in this Ruling may rely on its contents provided the scheme actually carried out is carried out in accordance with the scheme described in paragraphs 10 to 18 of this Ruling.

If the scheme actually carried out is materially different from the scheme that is described in this Ruling, then: • this Ruling has no binding effect on the Commissioner because the scheme entered into is not the scheme on which the Commissioner has ruled; and • this Ruling may be withdrawn or modified.

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This Ruling applies from 1 July 2008 to 30 June 2009. The Ruling continues to apply after 30 June 2009 to all entities within the specified class who entered into the specified scheme during the term of the Ruling. However, this Ruling will not apply to taxpayers to the extent that it conflicts with the terms of a settlement of a dispute agreed to before the date of issue of this Ruling (see paragraphs 75 and 76 of Taxation Ruling TR 2006/10).

The following description of the scheme is based on information provided by the applicant. The following documents, or relevant parts of them form part of and are to be read with the description: • application for Class Ruling dated 4 August 2008; and • correspondence dated 18 September 2008 and 5 November 2008. Note : certain information has been provided on a commercial-in-confidence basis and will not be disclosed or released under Freedom of Information legislation.

CATL is an Australian incorporated company which has been listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) since 2002. It carries on the business of international commodity trading, focussing on trade between Australia and China. The shareholders in CATL are a mix of resident and non-resident entities.

The key shareholder in CATL is CRA. CRA holds 65,025,000 (approximately 76%) of the ordinary shares in CATL. CRA is ultimately 100% owned by CITIC Resources Holdings Ltd which is listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. The remaining 20,139,170 ordinary shares in CATL are held by approximately 1500 shareholders the majority of whom are Australian residents.

CATL is not a company covered by section 116-35 of the ITAA 1997.

CATL proposes to streamline its corporate structure by implementing a Selective Capital Reduction by way of a share cancellation. The proposal is to cancel all shares in CATL that are held by shareholders other than CRA (eligible shareholders). This will privatise the company and result in CATL being 100% owned by CRA.

The proposed Selective Capital Reduction is being undertaken for the following reasons: • low liquidity of shares - due to its ownership structure, trading in the shares has been thin which constrains the share price and makes it difficult for minority shareholders to sell their shares without affecting the price; • limitations associated with being a listed company - being a listed entity imposes a number of restrictions and contradictions in respect of CATL's underlying trading business; • no strong rationale for remaining listed on the ASX; and • to enable savings in administration and compliance costs.

CATL has advised that under the Selective Capital Reduction it would cancel all shares that are held by eligible shareholders in return for a payment of $0.75 per share (the Selective Capital Reduction Amount). Of this amount, $0.17 will be debited to CATL's share capital account and the balance of the Selective Capital Reduction Amount of $0.58 will be debited to CATL's retained profits account.

The Selective Capital Reduction is subject to shareholders' approval and will be considered at a special meeting of shareholders.

CATL has confirmed that its share capital account is not tainted, as defined in subsection 995-1(1) of the ITAA 1997.

The Selective Capital Reduction will not be treated as a buy-back for the purposes of Division 16K of the ITAA 1936.

The amount proposed to be paid by CATL to eligible shareholders in respect of the cancellation of a share under the Selective Capital Reduction will be a distribution made by the company. The distribution will be a dividend to the extent that it is not debited to CATL's share capital account (paragraphs (a) and (d) of the definition of 'dividend' in subsection 6(1) of the ITAA 1936). As $0.17 of the consideration will be debited against CATL's share capital account (the Capital Component), the eligible shareholder will receive a dividend of $0.58 (the Dividend Component) for each share cancelled.

The Dividend Component will be a frankable distribution pursuant to section 202-40 of the ITAA 1997 and will therefore be capable of being franked in accordance with section 202-5 of the ITAA 1997.

The Dividend Component will be included in the assessable income of resident individual, superannuation fund and company shareholders who held their shares on capital account and who participate in the Selective Capital Reduction, under subsection 44(1) of the ITAA 1936.

Where the shares are held as revenue assets, the amount by which the Selective Capital Reduction Amount ($0.75 per share) exceeds the cost of each share will be included in the shareholder's assessable income under section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997. Correspondingly, if the cost exceeds the Selective Capital Reduction Amount of $0.75 per share the difference will be an allowable deduction under section 8-1 of the ITAA 1997.

Where the shares are held as trading stock, the Selective Capital Reduction Amount of $0.75 per share will be included in assessable income under section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997.

An amount equal to the franking credit on the Dividend Component (gross-up) will be included in the assessable income of eligible shareholders under subsection 207-20(1) of the ITAA 1997.

Eligible shareholders will be entitled to a tax offset under subsection 207-20(2) of the ITAA 1997 equal to the amount of the franking credit on the Dividend Component (tax offset), subject to being a 'qualified person': see paragraph 207-145(1)(a) of the ITAA 1997.

For the purposes of Division 1A of former Part IIIAA of the ITAA 1936 eligible shareholders are considered to have satisfied the holding period rule under former section 160APHO of the ITAA 1936 and therefore be qualified persons (as long as the related payments rule is also met) in relation to the Dividend Component under the Selective Capital Reduction if: • the shares were acquired not less than 45 days prior to the date of cancellation of the shares under the Selective Capital Reduction, not counting the date of acquisition and the date of disposal; • the eligible shareholder has no other positions (for example, an option) in relation to the shares cancelled under the Selective Capital Reduction; and • the eligible shareholder or an associate of the eligible shareholder has not made, is not under an obligation to make, nor is likely to make, any related payments.

An eligible shareholder who acquired shares that are subsequently cancelled under the Selective Capital Reduction less than 45 days prior to the date of cancellation of the shares under the Selective Capital Reduction is not a qualified person in relation to the dividend paid in respect of those shares.

The tax offsets will be subject to the refundable tax offset rules in Division 67 of the ITAA 1997. Certain trustees and corporate tax entities are not entitled to a refundable tax offset because of subsections 67-25(1A) to (1D) of the ITAA 1997.

As the Dividend Component is fully franked, eligible non-resident shareholders are not liable for Australian withholding tax under paragraph 128B(3)(ga) of the ITAA 1936.

CGT event C2 will happen in relation to each eligible shareholder when the shares are cancelled under the Selective Capital Reduction (paragraph 104-25(1)(a) and subsection 104-25(2) of the ITAA 1997).

The capital proceeds received by eligible shareholders in respect of the cancellation of their shares will be the Selective Capital Reduction Amount of $0.75 per share (subsection 116-20(1) of the ITAA 1997).

An eligible shareholder will make a capital gain if the capital proceeds for the cancellation of their shares are more than the cost base of their shares. The capital gain is equal to the amount of the excess (subsection 104-25(3) of the ITAA 1997).

An eligible shareholder will make a capital loss if the capital proceeds from the cancellation of their shares are less than the reduced cost base of their shares. The capital loss is equal to the amount of the difference (subsection 104-25(3) of the ITAA 1997).

Any capital gain made by an eligible shareholder when CGT event C2 happens is reduced (but not below zero) by the amount of the gain that was included in the assessable income of the shareholder under section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997 or as a dividend under subsection 44(1) of the ITAA 1936 (subsections 118-20(2) and 118-20(3) of the ITAA 1997).

A capital gain or capital loss made from the cancellation of the shares is disregarded if, at the time of the cancellation, the shares were trading stock (subsection 118-25(1) of the ITAA 1997).

A foreign resident shareholder disregards a capital gain or a capital loss from CGT event C2 happening on the cancellation of their shares if the shares are not taxable Australian property as defined in section 855-15 of the ITAA 1997 (section 855-10 of the ITAA 1997).

The Commissioner will not make a determination under subsection 45A(2) or subsection 45B(3) of the ITAA 1936 that section 45C of the ITAA 1936 applies to the whole, or any part, of the Capital Component of the Selective Capital Reduction amount received by eligible shareholders.

The Commissioner will not make a determination under paragraph 177EA(5)(b) of the ITAA 1936 to deny the whole, or any part, of the imputation benefits received in relation to the Dividend Component received under the Selective Capital Reduction by eligible shareholders.

The Commissioner will not make a determination under subsection 204-30(3) of the ITAA 1997 to deny the whole, or any part, of the imputation benefits received in relation to the Dividend Component received under the Selective Capital Reduction by eligible shareholders.

Division 16K of the ITAA 1936 provides for the taxation treatment of share buy-backs. Buy-back is defined as having the meaning given by paragraph 159GZZZK(a) of the ITAA 1936 which provides that a purchase is a buy-back where a company buys a share in itself from a shareholder in the company.

CATL will not be buying back its shares from its shareholders. Instead they will be cancelled in accordance with section 256 of the Corporations Act 2001 . Therefore, the Selective Capital Reduction will not be treated as a buy-back for the purposes of Division 16K of the ITAA 1936.

The Selective Capital Reduction Amount received by eligible shareholders for each share cancelled under the Selective Capital Reduction comprises two elements: • a Dividend Component; and • a Capital Component.

The amount of these components is determined in accordance with the definition of 'dividend' in subsection 6(1) of the ITAA 1936, having regard to how the company accounts for the Selective Capital Reduction.

Subsection 44(1) of the ITAA 1936 includes in a shareholder's assessable income any dividends, as defined in subsection 6(1) of the ITAA 1936, paid to the shareholder out of profits derived by the company from any source (if the shareholder is a resident of Australia) or from an Australian source (if the shareholder is a non-resident of Australia).

The definition of 'dividend' in subsection 6(1) of the ITAA 1936 has the effect that any distribution made by the company to any of its shareholders, whether in money or property, is a dividend except where the distribution is debited against an amount standing to the credit of the share capital account of the company (paragraphs (a) and (d) of the definition).

'Share capital account' is defined in subsection 975-300(1) of the ITAA 1997 as an account which the company keeps of its share capital, or any other account created on or after 1 July 1998 where the first amount credited to the account was an amount of share capital.

Subsection 975-300(3) of the ITAA 1997 states that an account is taken not to be a share capital account if it is tainted. Subsection 197-50(1) of the ITAA 1997 states that a share capital account is tainted if an amount to which Division 197 of the ITAA 1997 applies, is transferred to the account and the account is not already tainted.

The Selective Capital Reduction Amount of $0.75 per share is a distribution made by CATL to its eligible shareholders. $0.17 of the Selective Capital Reduction Amount will be debited to CATL's untainted 'share capital account'. As such it will not constitute a dividend as defined in subsection 6(1) of the ITAA 1936.

As the remainder of the Selective Capital Reduction Amount will be debited to the retained profits account, the shareholders will have received a dividend of $0.58 per share (Dividend Component).

Where the shares are held as revenue assets, the amount by which the Selective Capital Reduction Amount ($0.75 per share) exceeds the cost of each share is included in the shareholder's assessable income under section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997. Correspondingly, if the cost exceeds the Selective Capital Reduction Amount of $0.75 per share the difference is an allowable deduction.

Where the shares are held as trading stock, the Selective Capital Reduction Amount of $0.75 per share is included in assessable income under section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997.

For all eligible shareholders, the Dividend Component will constitute a frankable distribution for the purposes of subsection 202-40(1) of the ITAA 1997, and is capable of being franked in accordance with section 202-5 of the ITAA 1997. Further, the Dividend Component will not be rendered an unfrankable distribution pursuant to the operation of section 202-45 of the ITAA 1997.

An amount equal to the franking credit on the Dividend Component (gross-up) will be included in the assessable income of eligible shareholders in the year in which the distribution is made under subsection 207-20(1) of the ITAA 1997.

Eligible shareholders will be entitled to a tax offset under subsection 207-20(2) of the ITAA 1997 for the income year in which the distribution is made. The tax offset is equal to the franking credit on the Dividend Component, subject to the shareholder being a 'qualified person': see paragraph 207-145(1)(a) of the ITAA 1997.

Paragraph 207-145(1)(a) of the ITAA 1997 provides that, an entity that is not a 'qualified person' in relation to a franked distribution for the purposes of Division 1A of former Part IIIAA of the ITAA 1936 is denied a gross-up and a tax offset. Broadly speaking, to be a 'qualified person' in relation to the dividend paid under the Selective Capital Reduction, the shareholder must satisfy both the holding period rule and the related payments rule.

Broadly, a shareholder will not satisfy the related payments rule if the shareholder, or an associate of the shareholder, is under an obligation to make, or makes, a payment in respect of the dividend which effectively passes the benefit of the dividend to another person.

The holding period rule requires shareholders to hold the shares, or the interest in the shares, on which the dividend is paid at risk for a continuous period of at least 45 days. In determining whether a shareholder has satisfied the holding period rule, any days during which there is a materially diminished risk in relation to the relevant shares are not counted. The day of acquisition and the day of disposal of the relevant shares are also not counted.

Under former subsection 160APHM(2) of the ITAA 1936, a shareholder is taken to have materially diminished the risks of loss and opportunities for gain with respect to shares or interests in shares if the 'net position' of the shareholder results in the shareholder having less than 30% of the risks and opportunities relating to the shares or interest in the shares.

An eligible shareholder will be a qualified person in relation to the Dividend Component of the selective capital reduction amount if the shares were acquired not less than 45 days prior to the date of cancellation of the shares under the Selective Capital Reduction, not counting the date of acquisition and the date of disposal and the eligible shareholder has no other positions in relation to the shares cancelled under the Selective Capital Reduction.

An eligible shareholder who acquired shares that are subsequently cancelled under the Selective Capital Reduction less than 45 days prior to the date of cancellation of the shares under the Selective Capital Reduction will not be a qualified person under former section 160APHO of the ITAA 1936 in relation to the dividend paid under the Selective Capital Reduction for the purposes of Division 1A of former Part IIIAA of the ITAA 1936.

The tax offsets will be subject to the refundable tax offset rules in Division 67 of the ITAA 1997. Certain trustees and corporate tax entities are not entitled to a refundable tax offset because of subsections 67-25(1A) to (1D) of the ITAA 1997.

The time of CGT event C2 is when you enter into the contract that results in the asset ending or if there is no contract, when the asset ends (subsection 104-25(2) of the ITAA 1997).

The cancellation of the shares under the Selective Capital Reduction did not happen under a contract. Accordingly, CGT event C2 will happen when the shares end by being cancelled under the Selective Capital Reduction.

The capital proceeds from a CGT event are determined under Division 116 of the ITAA 1997.

Subsection 116-20(1) of the ITAA 1997 provides that the capital proceeds from a CGT event are the total of the money received, or entitled to be received, and the market value of any property received, or entitled to be received, in respect of the CGT event happening.

The capital proceeds for the cancellation of the shares will be the Selective Capital Reduction Amount eligible shareholders receive or will be entitled to receive in respect of the cancellation, that is, $0.75 per share.

The market value substitution rule in section 116-30 of the ITAA 1997 will not apply as the CGT event relates to a share in a company that has at least 300 members and that is not an entity that is covered by section 116-35 of the ITAA 1997.

Sections 45A and 45B of the ITAA 1936 are anti-avoidance provisions which, if they apply, allow the Commissioner to make a determination that section 45C of the ITAA 1936 applies. The effect of such a determination is that all or part of the distribution of capital received by the shareholder under the Selective Capital Reduction is treated as an unfranked dividend. Accordingly, the application of these two provisions to the capital reduction must be considered.

Section 45A of the ITAA 1936 is an anti-avoidance provision that applies in circumstances where capital benefits are streamed to certain shareholders (the advantaged shareholders) who derive a greater benefit from the receipt of share capital and it is reasonable to assume that the other shareholders (the disadvantaged shareholders) have received or will receive dividends.

Although there will have been a 'provision of capital benefit' (as defined in subsection 45A(3) of the ITAA 1936) to shareholders under the Selective Capital Reduction, the circumstances of the Selective Capital Reduction indicate that there will be no streaming of capital benefits to some shareholders and of dividends to other shareholders. Accordingly, section 45A of the ITAA 1936 does not apply.

Section 45B of the ITAA 1936 applies where certain capital payments are made to shareholders in substitution for dividends. In broad terms, section 45B of the ITAA 1936 applies where: (a) there is a scheme under which a person is provided with a capital benefit by a company (paragraph 45B(2)(a)); (b) under the scheme, a taxpayer, who may or may not be the person provided with the capital benefit, obtains a tax benefit (paragraph 45B(2)(b)); and (c) having regard to the relevant circumstances of the scheme, it would be concluded that the person, or one of the persons, who entered into or carried out the scheme or any part of the scheme did so for a purpose (whether or not the dominant purpose but not including an incidental purpose), of enabling a taxpayer to obtain a tax benefit (paragraph 45B(2)(c)).

In the case of the Selective Capital Reduction, whilst the conditions of paragraphs 45B(2)(a) and 45B(2)(b) of the ITAA 1936 will have been met, the requisite purpose of enabling the eligible shareholder to obtain a tax benefit - by way of capital distribution - will not be present.

Having regard to the relevant circumstances of the scheme, set out in subsection 45B(8) of the ITAA 1936, it is apparent that the inclusion of a capital element in the consideration for the Selective Capital Reduction will be appropriate. Further, the Capital Component of the Selective Capital Reduction Amount cannot be said to be attributable to the profits of the company, nor does the pattern of distributions indicate that it will be paid in substitution for a dividend. Accordingly, section 45B of the ITAA 1936 does not apply.

Section 177EA of the ITAA 1936 is a general anti-avoidance provision that applies to a wide range of schemes to obtain a tax advantage in relation to imputation benefits. In essence, it applies to schemes for the disposition of shares or an interest in shares where a franked distribution is paid or payable in respect of the shares or an interest in shares. This would include a capital reduction with a franked dividend component.

Specifically, subsection 177EA(3) of the ITAA 1936 provides that section 177EA applies if: (a) there is a scheme for a disposition of membership interests, or an interest in membership interests, in a corporate tax entity; and (b) either: (i) a frankable distribution has been paid, or is payable or expected to be payable, to a person in respect of the membership interests; or (ii) a frankable distribution has flowed indirectly, or flows indirectly or is expected to flow indirectly, to a person in respect of the interest in membership interests, as the case may be; and (c) the distribution was, or is expected to be, a franked distribution or a distribution franked with an exempting credit; and (d) except for this section, the person (the 'relevant taxpayer') would receive, or could reasonably be expected to receive, imputation benefits as a result of the distribution; and (e) having regard to the relevant circumstances of the scheme, it would be concluded that the person, or one of the persons, who entered into or carried out the scheme or any part of the scheme did so for a purpose (whether or not the dominant purpose but not including an incidental purpose) of enabling the relevant taxpayer to obtain an imputation benefit.

In the present case the conditions of paragraphs 177EA(3)(a) to (d) of the ITAA 1936 are satisfied. Accordingly, the issue is whether, having regard to the relevant circumstances of the scheme, it would be concluded that, on the part of CATL, its shareholders or any other person, there is a purpose more than merely an incidental purpose of conferring an imputation benefit under the scheme. Under this scheme the relevant taxpayer is an eligible shareholder and the scheme comprises the circumstances surrounding the Selective Capital Reduction.

In arriving at a conclusion the Commissioner must have regard to the relevant circumstances of the scheme which include, but are not limited to, the circumstances set out in subsection 177EA(17) of the ITAA 1936. The relevant circumstances encompass a range of circumstances which, taken individually or collectively, could indicate the requisite purpose. Due to the diverse nature of these circumstances, some may not be present at any one time in any one scheme.

The purpose of the Selective Capital Reduction in this case is to effectively privatise CATL. The overriding purpose of the Selective Capital Reduction is to cancel the interests held by the eligible shareholders in order to privatise the company. Having regard to the relevant circumstances of the scheme, the Commissioner has come to the view that the requisite purpose is not present and accordingly will not make a determination under paragraph 177EA(5)(b) of the ITAA 1936.

Section 204-30 of the ITAA 1997 applies where a corporate tax entity streams the payment of dividends, or the payment of dividends and the giving of other benefits, to its members in such a way that: • an imputation benefit is, or apart from that section would be, received by a member of the entity as a result of the distribution or distributions (paragraph 204-30(1)(a) of the ITAA 1997); • the member would derive a greater benefit from franking credits than another member of the entity (paragraph 204-30(1)(b) of the ITAA 1997); and • the other member of the entity will receive lesser imputation benefits, or will not receive any imputation benefits, whether or not the other member receives other benefits (paragraph 204-30(1)(c) of the ITAA 1997).

Relevantly, if section 204-30 of the ITAA 1997 applies the Commissioner is vested with a discretion under subsection 204-30(3) to make a determination in writing either: • that a specified franking debit arises in the franking account of the entity, for a specified distribution or other benefit to a disadvantaged member (paragraph 204-30(3)(a) of the ITAA 1997); or • that no imputation benefit is to arise in respect of any streamed distributions made to a favoured member and specified in the determination (paragraph 204-30(3)(c) of the ITAA 1997).

For section 204-30 of the ITAA 1997 to apply, members to whom distributions are streamed must derive a greater benefit from imputation benefits than other members. The words 'derives a greater benefit from franking credits' (imputation benefits) are defined in subsection 204-30(8) by reference to the ability of the members to fully utilise imputation benefits.

Under the Selective Capital Reduction, eligible shareholders will receive an imputation benefit as a result of the Dividend Component; the resident shareholder in the form of a tax offset (paragraph 204-30(6)(a) of the ITAA 1997) and the foreign resident shareholders in the form of an exemption from dividend withholding tax (paragraph 204-30(6)(e) of the ITAA 1997). The resident members will derive a greater benefit from franking credits than the foreign resident members. However, as the Dividend Component will be franked to the same extent and paid to all the eligible shareholders and having regard to the profile of CATL's members, it is concluded that CATL has not directed the flow of distributions in such a manner as to ensure that imputation benefits are derived by members who derive greater benefit from franking credits, while other members receive lesser or no imputation benefits.

Having regard to all of the relevant circumstances the Commissioner has formed the view that section 204-30 of the ITAA 1997 does not apply to the Selective Capital Reduction.

The following is a detailed contents list for this Ruling: Paragraph What this Ruling is about 1 Relevant provision(s) 2 Class of entities 3 Qualifications 5 Date of effect 9 Scheme 10 Ruling 19 Division 16K 19 The Dividend and Capital Components 20 Assessability of the Dividend Component for shareholders who hold their shares on capital account 22 Shares held on revenue account 23 Gross-up and tax offset 25 Qualified persons 27 Refundable tax offset 29 Non-resident shareholders 30 Capital gains tax 31 The anti-avoidance provisions 38 Sections 45A and 45B 38 Section 177EA 39 Section 204-30 40 Appendix 1 - Explanation 41 Division 16K 41 The Dividend and Capital Components 43 Assessability of the Dividend Component for shareholders who hold their shares on capital account 45 Shares held on revenue account 51 Gross-up and tax offset 53 Qualified person 56 Refundable tax offset 62 Capital gains tax 63 Time of the CGT event 63 Capital proceeds 65 The anti-avoidance provisions 69 Sections 45A and 45B 69 Section 177EA 75 Section 204-30 80 Appendix 2 - Detailed contents list 85