Fringe Benefits Tax: in-house residual expense payment fringe benefit

If an employer re-imburses the private electricity expenses of its employees, which were incurred to an unrelated third party electricity retailer, can the benefits be valued as 'in house residual expense payment fringe benefits for the purposes of subsection 22A(2) of the Fringe Benefits Tax Assessment Act 1986 (FBTAA)?

Yes. Where the electricity retailer purchases the electricity from a generating company that is an associate of the employer, the benefit will be valued as an 'in house residual expense payment fringe benefit for the purposes of subsection 22A(2) of the FBTAA.

The employer is a participant in the electricity industry.

There is an electricity generating company (the electricity generator) which 'is an associate' of the employer under the definition of 'associate' in subsection 136(1) of the FBTAA.

The electricity generator is one of a number of generators that supply electricity into an electricity pool which is managed by an administrator on behalf of all generators and suppliers. Because one unit of electricity is indistinguishable from all other units, it is impossible to determine which generator produced which electricity.

Electricity retailers purchase electricity from the electricity pool and on-sell it to end-use customers. The employees of the employer company are end-use customers of one of these retailers (the electricity retailer). The electricity retailer which is 'not an associate' of the employer provides electricity to all its domestic customers through a reticulation system.

The quantum of electricity produced by the electricity generator and supplied to the electricity pool is well in excess of any potential energy consumption by employees of the employer company.

The pool administrator calculates the financial liability of all electricity retailers on a daily basis. This involves the administrator collecting all money due for electricity purchased from the pool by electricity retailers, and forwarding payment to the electricity generators. The pool administrator does not have any possessory rights over the electricity in the pool.

Section 156 of the FBTAA provides that the supply of electricity through a reticulation system shall be deemed not to constitute the provision of property. The supply of electricity to an employee's residence is a residual benefit.

Both the electricity retailer (the residual benefit provider) and the electricity generator (the seller) carried on a business of supplying electricity that consisted of or included the provision of identical or similar benefits principally to outsiders.

The employer reimburses their employees' private electricity expenses incurred to the electricity retailer. The employees provide their employer with a copy of the electricity retailers invoice for electricity consumed during the billing period prior to being reimbursed for electricity costs.

'In-house residual expense payment fringe benefit' is defined in subsection 136(1) of the FBTAA. In particular subparagraph (c)(i) of the definition requires that where the residual benefit provider is not the employer or the associate of the employer, that the provider will have purchased the benefit from the 'seller,' being the employer or an associate of the employer.

It is therefore necessary to determine that the electricity retailer (residual benefit provider) has purchased electricity from the electricity generator (associate of the employer). Because of the nature of the electricity industry, it is impossible to distinguish which generator actually produced the electricity that is consumed by the employer's employees.

One interpretation of this provision might conclude that a strict physical tracing and identification process must take place. In this regard, it would not be possible to trace the source of the electricity consumed by employees to the electricity produced by the electricity generator.

However, regard should be had to the nature of the wholesale electricity market. The wholesale electricity market is distinctive because all electricity output from the generators is centrally pooled. In essence, the pool administrator merely acts as a facilitator by ensuring that electricity is supplied reliably and at the best market price. The residual benefit flows from the electricity generator directly to the electricity retailer. The arrangement is such that the electricity retailer makes an electricity settlement payment through the pool administrator which in turn passes the payment to the electricity generator.

The Explanatory Memorandum to the Taxation Laws Amendment (Fringe Benefits and Substantiation) Act 1987 at Part A- Main Features: In-house fringe benefits (clauses 15, 17, 40, 48) describe the application of the new (property benefit) rules: A further category of fringe benefits will also now qualify for the in-house concessions. The new category will, broadly, comprise expense payment fringe benefits where the employee receives a reimbursement of expenditure incurred in respect of the purchase of goods, etc., of a kind supplied to the public in the ordinary course of the employer's business. For example, where an employee of a petroleum company purchases the company's brand of petrol from an independently owned retail outlet at the usual retail price and the employee subsequently receives a reimbursement of a percentage of that retail price from the employer, that reimbursement will qualify as an in-house expense payment fringe benefit. Note: The Explanatory Memorandum (EM) discusses petrol which is a property benefit. However, the EM makes it clear that they will apply irrespective of whether a benefit is provided as a property or residual fringe benefit.

Whilst the EM contemplates a physical delivery of the employer's product, which is difficult to establish in the electricity industry, the EM does not indicate that a precise matching of the product is necessary. Further, whilst it may not be possible to establish that the specific electricity consumed by an employee was produced by electricity generator, it is however clear that a portion of the electricity sold by each electricity retailer will necessarily have been produced by this entity.

The EM indicates that the in-house rules were intended to be available for employers in an industry such as the petroleum industry. It is clear that the in-house provisions should generally be available to industries in Australia who produce goods or services which can be consumed by individuals including the employees. The in-house provisions should also necessarily include the utility industries. To deny access to the in-house provisions for participants in the Australian electricity industry because of the nature of the product and the method of its delivery would not be the intention of the fringe benefits tax provisions.

It is therefore accepted that the electricity generator sells electricity to the electricity retailer that was in turn provided by the electricity retailer to the employees of the employer as residual benefits. Therefore, the benefits will be valued as 'in-house residual expense payment fringe benefits' for the purposes of subsection 22A(2) of the FBTAA.

Date of Amendment Part Comment 1 May 2026 Reason for decision Punctuation corrections 1 May 2026 Business Line Update to correct business line 19 December 2014 Reason for decision Corrected spelling error

Date of Amendment | Part | Comment

1 May 2026 | Reason for decision | Punctuation corrections

1 May 2026 | Business Line | Update to correct business line

19 December 2014 | Reason for decision | Corrected spelling error