Issue
Is the entity, a discretionary family trust, making a taxable supply pursuant to sections 9-5 and 72-5 of the A New Tax System (Goods and Services Tax) Act 1999 (GST Act), when it makes an in specie distribution to a beneficiary of the trust that is not registered, or required to be registered for goods and services tax (GST)?
Decision
Yes, the entity is making a taxable supply pursuant to sections 9-5 and 72-5 of the GST Act when it makes an in specie distribution to a beneficiary that is not registered, or required to be registered for GST.
Facts
The entity is a discretionary family trust. The entity makes an in specie distribution to a beneficiary of the trust that is not registered, or required to be registered. An in specie distribution means a distribution in kind of goods or natural produce instead of money.
The distribution is not covered by Division 38 of the GST Act or by Division 40 of the GST Act. The trustee of the entity is registered for GST. The distribution is made in the course or furtherance of the enterprise carried on by the entity in Australia.
Reasons for Decision
Under section 9-5 of the GST Act, an entity makes a taxable supply if: • it makes a supply for consideration; and • the supply is made in the course or furtherance of an enterprise that it carries on; and • the supply is connected with Australia; and • it is registered, or required to be registered.
The existence of a 'supply' itself is an essential element in determining whether the distribution is a taxable supply under section 9-5 of the GST Act.
'Supply' is defined in subsection 9-10(1) of the GST Act to include any form of supply whatsoever. In this case, the distribution by the entity is the supply.
'Consideration' is defined in paragraph 9-15(1)(a) of the GST Act to include any payment, or any act or forbearance, in connection with a supply of anything. In some trust arrangements, beneficiaries have indefeasible rights to the trust property.
In the case of a discretionary trust, a beneficiary does not have a vested interest in either the income or the assets of the trust. The beneficiary merely has their right to demand that the trustee administers the trust according to the trust deed. As such, when the trustee makes a distribution, the beneficiary has no rights to surrender and gives no consideration.
Although, the supply is not being made for consideration, a distribution made by a discretionary trust may still be a taxable supply where Division 72 of the GST Act applies. Division 72 removes the requirement for consideration from section 9-5 of the GST Act in certain circumstances where the recipient is an associate.
Section 72-5 of the GST Act provides that a supply to an associate for no consideration will be a taxable supply if the associate is not registered or required to be registered, or the associate acquires the thing supplied otherwise than solely for a creditable purpose.
The term associate which is defined in section 318 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 includes a beneficiary and the trustee of a trust.
In this case, the entity is making an in specie distribution to a beneficiary that is not registered or required to be registered. Therefore, the supply meets the requirements of section 72-5 of the GST Act.
The trustee for the entity is registered for GST and the distribution is a 'supply' that fulfils all of the requirements of section 9-5 and section 72-5 of the GST Act. Furthermore, the supply is neither GST-free under Division 38 of the GST Act nor input taxed under Division 40 of the GST Act. Therefore, the entity is making a taxable supply under section 9-5 of the GST Act when it makes an in specie distribution to a beneficiary that is not registered, or required to be registered for GST. [Note: When a discretionary trust makes an in specie distribution to a beneficiary that is registered or required to be registered, and the distribution is used solely for a creditable purpose, the supply will not be a taxable supply under section 9-5 of the GST Act].