Preamble
The expression 'special circumstances' in subsection 124-75(3) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 by its nature is incapable of a precise or exhaustive definition.
Subsection 124-75(3) requires you to incur expenditure in acquiring a replacement CGT asset - or, if part of the original asset was lost or destroyed, requires you incur capital expenditure in repairing or restoring it - within a defined period of time 'or within such further time as the Commissioner allows in special circumstances'.
What are 'special circumstances' depends on the facts of each particular case. There can be no hard and fast rules as to what constitutes 'special circumstances'. Application of the expression is best illustrated by examples.
Amanda and John own a saddle shop. A State authority compulsorily acquires the shop to build a railway shunting yard. Compensation was not received by Amanda and John until one month before they are required by subsection 124-75(3) to replace the shop. This does not give Amanda and John time to acquire another replacement asset. We would accept that the delay in receiving the compensation would be special circumstances warranting an extension of time.
Gordon owned a wool processing factory which was destroyed by fire. Gordon immediately commences to negotiate to purchase a nearby factory, taking possession pending settlement. After lengthy negotiations, however, the purchase of the factory falls through. He then purchases another property but just outside the 2 year time period . We accept that Gordon has done what is reasonable to acquire a replacement asset and the facts would enable a finding of special circumstances to allow further time.
Graeme had a commercial property compulsorily acquired by a State authority. Graeme is having a protracted legal dispute with the authority over the quantum of the compensation. This may constitute special circumstances to allow further time.
Daisy and Damien own a rental property by the sea. The property is resumed for a government project and compensation is paid shortly afterwards. At the end of the 2 year period, Daisy and Damien had failed to acquire a replacement asset or to take measures to acquire one because they did not know that they had to do so within a particular time frame. This is an example where special circumstances would not exist for the Commissioner to allow further time.