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If the names of individual owners of bearer shares in a pooled group are listed but the number of shares held by each member of the group is unknown, have the beneficial owners of those bearer shares been disclosed for the purposes of paragraph 166-255(1)(f) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (ITAA 1997)?

No. The beneficial owners of those bearer shares have not been disclosed for the purposes of paragraph 166-255(1)(f) of the ITAA 1997.

Loss Co is wholly owned by a foreign listed company, European Co.

Loss Co is an 'eligible Division 166 company' as defined in subsection 995-1(1) of the ITAA 1997.

European Co has only bearer shares on issue. The annual report of European Co shows a number of shareholders in a pooled group that own 5% of the company's bearer shares. The names of the individual members of the group are listed, but the number of shares held by each member is not stated.

The members of the pooled group are unrelated, other than through the pooled group.

The number of shares held by each member of the pooled group is not known to European Co.

Section 165-12 of the ITAA 1997 specifies conditions that a company must satisfy in order to deduct a tax loss. Broadly, section 165-12 provides that the company must maintain more than 50% continuity of ownership throughout the ownership test period. This is known as the continuity of ownership test (COT).

Division 166 of the ITAA 1997 modifies the way the rules in Division 165 of the ITAA 1997 apply to a widely held company or an eligible Division 166 company. Division 166 was introduced to simplify the application of the COT for these companies by providing tracing rules (such as section 166-255 of the ITAA 1997) that make it unnecessary for them to trace the ultimate owner of shares held by certain intermediaries and small shareholdings.

Under subsection 166-255(1) of the ITAA 1997, an indirect stake in the loss company held by way of bearer shares in a foreign listed company that is interposed between the bearer shareholders and the loss company is attributable to a single notional entity at an ownership test time if all the following conditions are satisfied: (a) there is a foreign listed company interposed between the bearer shareholders and the loss company at the ownership test time; (b) at all times during the relevant income year, the principal class of shares in the foreign listed company is listed for quotation in the official list of an approved stock exchange; (c) at the ownership test time, the bearer shares must carry rights to 50% or more of the voting power, rights to dividends or rights to capital distributions of the foreign listed company; (d) the beneficial owners of some or all of the bearer shares have not been disclosed to the foreign listed company. If a beneficial owner of bearer shares has been disclosed to the foreign listed company, those bearer shares are excluded from this tracing rule; and (e) none of the preceding tracing rules in Subdivision 166-E of the ITAA 1997 have applied.

The term 'disclosed' in paragraph 166-255(1)(f) of the ITAA 1997 is not defined in the legislation. Whether a disclosure has occurred under these provisions is a question of fact, in the context of Divisions 165 and 166 of the ITAA 1997.

A disclosure has not occurred where European Co knows that a pooled group collectively are the holders of 5% of the bearer shares, but does not know the individual holdings of the members of that group. The COT requires a loss company to identify the percentage of the voting power, rights to dividends and rights to capital distributions of the loss company held by specific entities at all times during the ownership test period (Division 165) or at the relevant ownership test times in the test period (Division 166). This enables the loss company to trace any changes in the percentages held during the relevant period by those entities, which is crucial in establishing whether or not the loss company has satisfied the COT.

The mere identity of the bearer shareholders without knowledge of their individual holdings does not constitute disclosure for the purposes of paragraph 166-255(1)(f) of the ITAA 1997.